Differences in Shoulder Girdle Muscles in Young Swimmers

March 25, 2026 updated by: Istanbul Gelisim University

Examination of Differences in Shoulder Girdle Muscles in Young Swimmers According to Swimming Styles

This research aims to examine the effects of different swimming styles (freestyle, breaststroke, butterfly, and backstroke) on the characteristics of the shoulder girdle muscles in young swimmers. Although it is known that shoulder girdle muscles undergo different levels of activation depending on swimming style, studies systematically examining these differences, especially in young swimmers during their developmental years, are limited. Identifying style-based differences in shoulder girdle muscle activation is of great importance for both optimizing training programs and preventing injuries.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

28

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Avcılar
      • Istanbul, Avcılar, Turkey (Türkiye), 34310
        • Istanbul Gelisim University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Young swimmers

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between 12-18 years old
  • Having been involved in at least one swimming style for at least 3 years
  • Having participated in at least one competition
  • Obtaining parental consent. Obtaining parental consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having undergone any surgery on the shoulder girdle muscles.
  • Having any orthopedic or physical disorder in the shoulder girdle muscles (e.g., frozen shoulder).
  • Participating in another sport besides swimming.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Breaststroke
Other: Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
MyotonPro is used to measure the biomechanical properties of muscle. During measurements, participants will be seated in a chair with back support; bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO. All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measurement of the length of the upper extremity with a tape measure.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measuring the range of motion of the upper extremity joints with a digital goniometer.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Freestyle
Other: Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
MyotonPro is used to measure the biomechanical properties of muscle. During measurements, participants will be seated in a chair with back support; bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO. All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measurement of the length of the upper extremity with a tape measure.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measuring the range of motion of the upper extremity joints with a digital goniometer.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Butterfly
Other: Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
MyotonPro is used to measure the biomechanical properties of muscle. During measurements, participants will be seated in a chair with back support; bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO. All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measurement of the length of the upper extremity with a tape measure.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measuring the range of motion of the upper extremity joints with a digital goniometer.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Backstroke
Other: Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
MyotonPro is used to measure the biomechanical properties of muscle. During measurements, participants will be seated in a chair with back support; bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO. All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measurement of the length of the upper extremity with a tape measure.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.
Other: Measuring the range of motion of the upper extremity joints with a digital goniometer.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°). All measurements will be compared statistically according to swimming styles.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Measuring the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.
bilaterally Biomechanical properties (F - Natural Oscillation Frequency [Hz], characterizing Tone or Tension, S - Dynamic Stiffness [N/m], D - Logarithmic Decrement [relative unit], characterizing Elasticity, R - Mechanical Stress Relaxation Time [ms], C - Ratio of Relaxation and Deformation time [relative unit], characterizing Creep) of the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the deltoid muscle and the upper, middle and lower parts of the trapezius muscle were measured using Myoton PRO.
From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Measuring the length and range of motion of the upper extremity using a tape measure.
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.
The measuring tape will be used to measure the swimmers' Right and left arms length (cm) and Arm span (cm).
From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.
Measuring the length and range of motion of the upper extremity using a digital goniometer.
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.
Passive range of motion of the upper extremity shoulder joint (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) will be measured using a digital goniometer. Results will be recorded in degrees (°)
From enrollment to the end of measurements at 6 weeks.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Istanbul Gelisim University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

December 12, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

March 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

April 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 27, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 19, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

February 23, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 27, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 25, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 29.12.2025-2025/12

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Young People

Clinical Trials on Measuring of the biomechanical properties of muscles with MyotonPro.

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Madagascar

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Subscribe