METabolic MODulation to Enhance Insulin Sensitivity and Mitochondrial Function in Type 1 Diabetes (MetMod-T1D) (MetMod-T1D)

July 9, 2026 updated by: Petter Bjornstad, University of Washington
The study is a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial to examine the effects of 24 weeks of oral AMX0035 (sodium phenylbutyrate + taurursodiol) versus placebo in 60 adults with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) (n=30 per arm). Enrollment will be distributed equally between the University of Washington and Amsterdam University Medical Center/Diabetes Center Amsterdam. Participants will be recruited through diabetes research registries, local T1D clinics, and community outreach.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This is a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial to evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of oral AMX0035 (sodium phenylbutyrate + taurursodiol) versus placebo in 60 adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n=30 per arm). Following screening and baseline assessments, eligible participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive either AMX0035 or placebo, with stratification by sex and body mass index (≥30 vs. <30 kg/m2). Participants will undergo comprehensive metabolic phenotyping at baseline and 24 weeks, including hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, body composition imaging, continuous glucose monitoring, and tissue biopsies (skeletal muscle and adipose) for assessment of mitochondrial function and biological markers. Participants, clinicians administering the intervention, and laboratory personnel analyzing the samples will remain blinded to treatment assignments throughout the study.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

60

Phase

  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

  • Name: Amanda Bard, MMS, MS, CCRC
  • Phone Number: 206-685-2069
  • Email: abard@uw.edu

Study Locations

  • Netherlands
      • Amsterdam, Netherlands
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Amsterdam UMC
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Daniël van Raalte, MD, PhD
  • United States
    • Washington
      • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98109
        • Recruiting
        • University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute (UWMDI)
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Petter Bjornstad, MD
        • Contact:
          • Amanda Bard, MMS, MS, CCRC
          • Phone Number: 206-685-2069
          • Email: abard@uw.edu

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Adults ≥18 years to <70 years of age with established T1D (duration ≥1 year)
  2. Currently on insulin therapy (multiple daily injections or insulin pump)
  3. HbA1c <9.5%
  4. BMI 18.5-40 kg/m2
  5. On stable dose of RASB or statin, if indicated
  6. Willing and able to comply with all study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of pancreatic disease (including pancreatitis) or pancreatic surgery
  2. History of cardiovascular disease or stroke within the past 6 months
  3. History of heart failure per New York Heart Association criteria
  4. History of severe edema or salt restriction requirement
  5. Biliary disease or pathologies that may alter enterohepatic circulation of bile acids
  6. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m²
  7. Liver disease (ALT/AST >3x upper limit of normal [ULN])
  8. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy during the study period
  9. Known hypersensitivity to study drug components
  10. Abnormal baseline ECG
  11. Use of off label medications that affect insulin sensitivity within the past 1 month (e.g., metformin, GLP-1RA, SGLT2i, pioglitazone)
  12. Chronic use of anticoagulants
  13. Use of bile acid sequestering agents, inhibitors of bile acid transporters, bile acid derivatives, aluminum-based antacids, probenecid, pan-HDAC inhibitors, phase 2 metabolizing enzymes (e.g., uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferases), phase 1 metabolizing enzymes other than cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), and OATP1B3
  14. Use of substrates of CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, Organic Anion transporter 1, P-glycoprotein, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein
  15. History of severe hypoglycemia requiring assistance within the past 3 months
  16. History of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) within the past 3 months
  17. Personal or family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer
  18. Current participation in another clinical trial
  19. Any condition(s) found by the study team and confirmed with the Investigator that make it unsafe to participate

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: AMX0035
Participants will be instructed to take one packet of AMX0035 daily for the first 2 weeks, followed by 1 packet twice a day (morning and evening) thereafter for ~6 months.
Drug: AMX0035
AMX0035 sachets
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Participants will be instructed to take one packet of placebo daily for the first 2 weeks, followed by 1 packet twice a day (morning and evening) thereafter for ~6 months.
Drug: Placebo
Placebo sachets

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value) measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
Time Frame: Baseline, 24 weeks

Evaluate the effect of 24 weeks of AMX0035 versus placebo on whole-body insulin sensitivity in T1D as assessed by gold-standard two-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.

  • Two-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies will occur at baseline and 24 weeks.
  • Insulin sensitivity will be quantified using the M-value (glucose infusion rate), normalized to lean body mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and insulin concentration.
Baseline, 24 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in glycemic control
Time Frame: Baseline, 24 weeks
Glycemic control will be evaluated via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and HbA1c.
Baseline, 24 weeks
Changes in body composition
Time Frame: Baseline, 24 weeks
Body composition, including total, regional, visceral, and hepatic fat, will be quantified using DXA and multiparametric MRI.
Baseline, 24 weeks
Changes in immune and metabolic biomarkers
Time Frame: Baseline, 24 weeks
  • Circulating and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress will be measured.
  • Associations between these biological markers and insulin sensitivity or glycemic metrics will be examined using multivariable models.
Baseline, 24 weeks
Changes in mitochondrial function
Time Frame: Baseline, 24 weeks
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies will be analyzed for ER stress, inflammation, and insulin signaling. Skeletal muscle tissue will also undergo assessment of mitochondrial function by ex vivo respiration.
Baseline, 24 weeks
Establish the safety and tolerability of AMX0035 in adults with T1D
Time Frame: Duration of study
  • Adverse events including hypoglycemia, DKA, and changes in hepatic and renal function will be closely monitored throughout the study.
  • Tolerability will be assessed through participant-reported symptoms, including gastrointestinal side effects and study discontinuations.
  • An independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) will periodically review unblinded safety data and provide guidance.
Duration of study

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Washington

Collaborators

Breakthrough T1D

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Petter M Bjornstad, MD, University of Washington

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

June 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2029

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 23, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 9, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 9, 2026

Last Verified

May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • MetMod-T1D-AMX0035

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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