Diagnostic Accuracy of Educated Large Language Models in Endodontic Diagnosis and Case Difficulty Assessment

July 10, 2026 updated by: Radwa Mohamed Saleh Elaguizy, Cairo University

Accuracy of Educated Large Language Models Compared With Endodontic Experts in the Diagnosis and Difficulty Assessment of Endodontic Cases: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study

This diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of educated large language models (Educated ChatGPT (GPT-5.5 Pro), Educated Gemini 3.1 Pro, and Educated Claude Opus 4.7) in endodontic practice. Their ability to establish pulpal and periapical diagnoses and assess endodontic case difficulty will be compared with the reference standard established by a panel of endodontic experts. Clinical and radiographic information from patients presenting for primary endodontic treatment or nonsurgical endodontic retreatment will be provided to both the AI models and the expert panel. The primary outcomes are the sensitivity, specificity, and the overall accuracy of the educated LLMs, with the objective of determining their potential role as reliable decision-support tools in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

349

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Eligible patients seeking primary endodontic treatment or retreatment

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age above 16 years old.
  2. Requiring primary endodontic treatment or retreatment.
  3. Availability of complete clinical examination records.
  4. Availability of diagnostic radiographs.
  5. Restorable teeth.
  6. Patient's acceptance to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Incomplete records
  2. Pregnant women.
  3. No restorability: Hopeless tooth.
  4. Traumatic dental injuries
  5. Periapical radiographic images of sub-optimal quality or artifacts/high scatter interfering with proper assessment.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Endodontic diagnosis according to AAE
Time Frame: baseline
Pulpal and periapical diagnosis
baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Difficulty assessment according to AAE
Time Frame: baseline
baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Cairo University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

July 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 5, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 10, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 16, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 16, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 10, 2026

Last Verified

July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • new endo (7.1.1)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

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Locations

3
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