Peer-Mentoring and Motivational Regulation in Colombian Youth Swimmers

September 3, 2026 updated by: Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya

Motivational Regulation Following a 16-Session Peer-Mentoring Programme in Colombian Youth Swimmers: A Pre-Post Pilot Study

This completed study examined whether young competitive swimmers' reasons for participating in sport changed after a peer-mentoring programme. It was expected that intrinsic motivation and personally valued reasons for participating would increase after the programme.

Twenty-nine Colombian swimmers aged 10-14 years participated. All swimmers received the same programme; there was no comparison group. The programme comprised 16 face-to-face group sessions delivered twice weekly over eight consecutive weeks. Each session lasted approximately 20-25 minutes and was led by an experienced swimmer acting as a peer mentor. Activities addressed communication, sport experiences, goal setting, reflection on competition, personal development and future planning.

Participants completed the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) before the first session and immediately after the sixteenth and final session. The questionnaire assessed seven forms of motivation: intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation to accomplish, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation and amotivation. Changes in each form of motivation were examined separately.

The study was registered retrospectively after participant enrolment, data collection and analysis had been completed. Registration was undertaken for research transparency and should not be interpreted as prospective registration or preregistration.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This single-group study examined whether young competitive swimmers' reasons for participating in sport changed after completing a peer-mentoring programme integrated into their regular swimming training. It was expected that intrinsic motivation and identified regulation would increase following the programme.

The programme comprised 16 face-to-face group sessions delivered twice weekly over eight consecutive weeks. Each session lasted approximately 20-25 minutes and was led by an experienced swimmer acting as a peer mentor. The activities addressed communication, sport experiences, goal setting, reflection on competition, personal development, future goals and career planning.

Twenty-nine swimmers aged 10-14 years completed the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) before the first session and after the sixteenth and final session. The questionnaire assessed seven forms of motivation: intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation to accomplish, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation and amotivation. Changes from before to after the programme were examined separately for each form of motivation.

The study was registered retrospectively after participant enrolment, data collection and analysis had been completed. Registration was undertaken for research transparency and should not be interpreted as prospective registration or preregistration.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

29

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Colombia
    • Antioquia
      • Guarne, Antioquia, Colombia, 054080
        • Tecnológico de Antioquia

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Active competitive swimmer from the participating swimming club.
  • Originally intended age range of 11-14 years.
  • At least six months of competitive swimming training.
  • Parent or legal guardian provided written informed consent.
  • Participant provided written assent.
  • Participation in more than 80% of the mentoring sessions.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Absence of either the pre-intervention or post-intervention SMS-28 assessment.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Peer-Mentoring Programme
Participants received sixteen group peer-mentoring sessions of approximately 20-25 minutes, each one, integrated into regular swimming training.
Behavioral: Eight-Session Peer-Mentoring Programme
Sixteen face-to-face group peer-mentoring sessions of approximately 20-25 minutes each were integrated into regular swimming training and delivered twice weekly over eight consecutive weeks. Across the eight weeks, activities included guided dialogue, practical exercises, mentor narratives, feedback and group reflection. The themes addressed programme introduction, effective communication, sport stories, SMART goal setting, reflection on competition experiences, a "pool of life" reflective activity, a future-self interview, and a career timeline and programme closure. An experienced swimmer acted as the peer mentor. The baseline SMS-28 assessment was administered before the first session, and the immediate post-intervention assessment was administered after completion of the sixteenth and final session.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Intrinsic Motivation to Know score
Time Frame: Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know.
Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Intrinsic Motivation to Accomplish score
Time Frame: Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know.
Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Intrinsic Motivation to Experience Stimulation score
Time Frame: Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know.
Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Identified Regulation score
Time Frame: Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know.
Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Introjected Regulation score
Time Frame: Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know.
Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
External Regulation score
Time Frame: Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know.
Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Amotivation score
Time Frame: Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).
Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know.
Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya

Collaborators

Universidad de San Buenaventura
Tecnológico de Antioquia

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 12, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

April 12, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 13, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 13, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

August 18, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

September 9, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 3, 2026

Last Verified

September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • TdeA-USB-SWIM-MENTOR

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Participant-level data will not be made publicly available because participants were minors recruited from a single swimming club and residual re-identification risk remains after removal of direct identifiers. Aggregate results, analysis code, figures and supporting documentation are publicly archived in Zenodo. Participant-level data are retained under institutional control and access may be considered following a scientifically justified request and appropriate institutional and ethics approval.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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