Gemini Flash 3.6 Versus Human Observers for FIGO-Based Interpretation of Intrapartum Cardiotocography
Gemini Flash 3.6 Versus Human Observers for FIGO-Based Interpretation of Intrapartum Cardiotocography: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Cardiotocography (CTG) is the standard method for monitoring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor to detect signs of fetal hypoxia. However, human CTG interpretation is often subjective and subject to high interobserver variability, even among experienced clinicians. Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) models have emerged as potential diagnostic aids capable of evaluating CTG tracings. This prospective diagnostic accuracy study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Gemini Flash 3.6 in interpreting intrapartum CTG recordings according to the 2015 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) guidelines, and to compare its accuracy directly against independent human expert obstetricians.
Participants include pregnant women admitted in active labor at term with a singleton cephalic pregnancy undergoing continuous CTG monitoring. De-identified digital images of the final 60 minutes of CTG tracing prior to delivery will be independently evaluated by Gemini Flash 3.6 and three expert obstetricians. Each evaluator will classify the tracings into one of three FIGO categories: Normal, Suspicious, or Pathological. All evaluators will be blinded to clinical details, delivery outcomes, and other observers' interpretations.
The primary objective is to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of Gemini Flash 3.6 in identifying neonates with a 5-minute Apgar score less than 7. Secondary objectives include comparing the diagnostic performance of the AI model with that of individual expert obstetricians, measuring interobserver agreement among all raters, and assessing associations with 1-minute Apgar scores and umbilical artery blood gas parameters. The AI model will be used solely as an investigational research tool, and its evaluations will not be available to the clinical team or used to guide patient care.
Study Overview
Status
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Singleton pregnancy
- Gestational age 37+0 weeks or greater
- Cephalic fetal presentation
- Admission to the labor ward in active labor
- Continuous intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) monitoring
- Availability of an interpretable CTG tracing immediately preceding delivery
- Availability of documented 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores
- Written informed consent obtained prior to enrollment
Exclusion Criteria:
- Multiple pregnancy
- Major fetal congenital anomalies
- Antepartum stillbirth
- Elective cesarean delivery performed before the onset of labor without an adequate intrapartum CTG tracing
- CTG tracing with inadequate technical quality, including signal loss of 15% or greater
- Missing 5-minute Apgar score
- Technical problems preventing standardized CTG image preparation or interpretation
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
Cohorts and Interventions
Group / Cohort |
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Intrapartum CTG Monitoring Cohort
Women with singleton term pregnancies (gestational age ≥ 37 + 0 weeks) in cephalic presentation admitted to the labor ward in active labor who undergo routine continuous intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) monitoring immediately preceding delivery.
De-identified digital CTG tracings from this cohort are independently evaluated by Gemini Flash 3.6 and three expert obstetricians according to the 2015 FIGO consensus guidelines, and validated against neonatal outcomes including 1-minute and 5-minute Apgar scores as well as umbilical artery blood-gas analysis where available.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
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Sensitivity of Gemini Flash 3.6 for Identifying Neonates With a 5-Minute Apgar Score Less Than 7
Time Frame: 5 minutes after birth
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Sensitivity is defined as the percentage of neonates with a confirmed 5-minute Apgar score less than 7 who are correctly identified as having a "Pathological" CTG tracing by Gemini Flash 3.6.
Intrapartum CTG tracings from the final 60 minutes of labor immediately preceding delivery are interpreted according to the 2015 FIGO guidelines.
For binary diagnostic performance analysis, a "Pathological" CTG represents a positive test result, while "Normal" and "Suspicious" CTGs represent negative test results.
Sensitivity is calculated as [True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives)] * 100 and reported with a 95% confidence interval.
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5 minutes after birth
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Estimated)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Urogenital Diseases
- Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications
- Pregnancy Complications
- Fetal Diseases
- Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory
- Hypoxia
- Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities
- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
- Signs and Symptoms
- Fetal Distress
- Fetal Hypoxia
Other Study ID Numbers
- Gemini Flash vs Human FIGO CTG
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