Role of Interleukin (IL)-1 in Postprandial Fatigue - The Chäschüechli 2 Study (Chäs2)

Inclusion Criteria:

Male subjects

• non-smoking
• apparently healthy
• BMI >18 and ≤28 kg/m2 or BMI >30 and ≤35 kg/m2
• Age 20-65 years
• Subject is usually eating breakfast and lunch
• Willingness to use contraceptive measures adequate to prevent the subject's partner from becoming pregnant during the study. Adequate contraceptive measures include hormonal methods used for two or more cycles prior to screening (e.g., oral contraceptive pills, contraceptive patch, or contraceptive vaginal ring), double barrier methods (e.g., contraceptive sponge, diaphragm used in conjunction with contraceptive foam or jelly, and condom used in conjunction with contraceptive foam or jelly), intrauterine methods (IUD) and sterilization (e.g., tubal ligation or a monogamous relationship with a vasectomized partner).
• Owner of a smartphone so they will be able to download and use the sleeping APP, Sleep cycle, prior to the study days.

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria:

• Night shift workers
• Subjects suffering from sleep disturbances
• Clinical signs of infection in the week before inclusion or history of infection during the last 2 months (CRP >5mg/l)
• Impaired fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose >5.5mmol/l)
• Hematologic disease (leukocyte count < 1.5x109/l, hemoglobin <11 g/dl, platelets <100 x 103/ul)
• Kidney disease (creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl))
• Liver disease (transaminases >2x upper normal range)
• Heart disease
• Pulmonary disease
• Inflammatory disease
• History of carcinoma
• History of tuberculosis
• Alcohol consumption >40g/d
• Smoking
• Known allergy towards Kineret
• Known allergy to ingredients of the test meal
• Current treatment with any drug in the week before inclusion, including vitamin supplementation (especially vitamin C and E)
• Use of any investigational drug within 30 days prior to enrolment or within 5 half-lives of the investigational drug, whichever is longer
• Subject refusing or unable to give written informed consent