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Brief Title: Portable 3D Visual Material-Supported Simulation Training for Cervical Dilation Assessment

14. juli 2026 opdateret af: Ayşegül Şimşek, Marmara University

Accessible Simulation Approaches: The Effect of Portable Three-Dimensional Visual Material-Supported Education on University Students' Knowledge, Satisfaction, and Self-Confidence

This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation-based education supported by a portable and mobile three-dimensional (3D) visual material on university students' knowledge of cervical dilation assessment, learning satisfaction, self-confidence in learning, and perceptions of simulation design. Undergraduate health sciences students were randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving simulation training with the portable 3D material in addition to standard education or a control group receiving standard education alone. The primary outcome was change in knowledge of cervical dilation assessment. Secondary outcomes included student satisfaction, self-confidence in learning, and perceptions of simulation design.

Studieoversigt

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This study is a parallel-group, 1:1 allocation randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design conducted among third-year undergraduate health sciences students enrolled in the Pregnancy and Care course. Participants were randomly assigned using a computer-generated randomization sequence with allocation concealment through sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes.

Both groups received the standard theoretical and laboratory curriculum on cervical dilation assessment. In addition, participants allocated to the intervention group received simulation-based training supported by a portable and foldable three-dimensional cervical dilation educational model designed to facilitate repeated individual practice outside the simulation laboratory. Students practiced with the model seven times throughout the semester using a standardized educational protocol delivered by the same instructor.

The educational material was specifically developed to provide an accessible, reusable, and portable simulation resource that allows repeated psychomotor practice without requiring permanent simulation laboratory access. The study evaluated whether supplementing standard education with repeated practice using the portable three-dimensional model improves educational outcomes compared with standard education alone. The trial was conducted in accordance with the CONSORT reporting guideline, and no protocol modifications were made after trial initiation. Ethical approval and written informed consent were obtained before participant enrollment.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

62

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

      • Istanbul, Tyrkiet (Türkiye), 34854
        • Marmara University, Faculty of Health Sciences

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Undergraduate student enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences
  • Enrolled in the Pregnancy and Care course during the study period
  • Aged 18 years or older
  • Provided written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Did not participate in any stage of the educational intervention
  • Did not complete the post-intervention assessments
  • Did not complete the study questionnaires

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Grundvidenskab
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Intervention Group
Participants received the standard theoretical and laboratory education plus simulation-based training supported by a portable and mobile three-dimensional visual cervical dilation educational material. Students practiced with the portable material once every two weeks throughout the semester.
Simulation-based education supported by a portable and mobile three-dimensional visual educational material designed for cervical dilation assessment. Participants practiced with the material repeatedly throughout the semester in addition to standard education.
Aktiv komparator: Control Group
Participants received the standard theoretical instruction and laboratory education on cervical dilation assessment without the portable three-dimensional educational material.
Standard theoretical instruction and laboratory training on cervical dilation assessment delivered as part of the regular curriculum.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Cervical Dilatation Assessment Knowledge Test (CDAK) Score
Tidsramme: Immediately after completion of the 14-week intervention
Change in knowledge regarding cervical dilation assessment measured using the Cervical Dilatation Assessment Knowledge Test (CDAK). Developed by the researchers in accordance with the literature. To assess the test's content validity, it was submitted for review to 10 experts in the field, including academics and healthcare professionals (physicians, midwives, and nurses). In the test, each correct answer was scored as 1 point, and each incorrect answer as 0 points. The experts were asked to evaluate the items using a three-point rating scale (1 = Necessary, 2 = Useful but not necessary, 3 = Unnecessary) based on the Lawshe technique. In addition, experts who selected the "Should be corrected" option were asked to provide suggestions for corrections to the relevant item, while those who selected the "Should be removed" option were asked to provide their reasons for removal. As a result of the Lawshe technique, the content validity ratio (CVR) was found to be 0.79 (p<0.05).
Immediately after completion of the 14-week intervention

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning
Tidsramme: Immediately after completion of the 14-week intervention
Student satisfaction measured using the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (Satisfaction subscale). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with learning. Scale was developed in 2006 and adapted into Turkish in 2017. The scale consists of 12 items and 2 subscales (Satisfaction with current learning = 5 items, Self-confidence in learning = 7 items). The scale is a five-point Likert type with no reverse-scored items (1 = Strongly Disagree; 5 = Strongly Agree). The total SSSS score is obtained by dividing the sum of the subscale scores by the number of items. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction and self-confidence. The total Cronbach Alpha value of the scale is reported as 0.95, and in our study, it was found to be 0.95 immediately after the training and 0.95 14 weeks after the training.
Immediately after completion of the 14-week intervention
Simulation Design Perception
Tidsramme: Immediately after completion of the 14-week intervention
Students' perceptions of simulation design measured using the Simulation Design Scale (SDS). Higher scores indicate more positive evaluations of the simulation design. Scale, developed in 2006 and adapted into Turkish in 2017. The scale consists of 20 items and 5 subscales (Goals and information=5 items, Support=4 items, Problem Solving=5 items, Feedback=4 items, and Realism=2 items). The scale is evaluated in two sections. The first section assesses whether the best simulation design elements are applied in the simulation application. The second section evaluates the degree to which simulation design elements are important for students.
Immediately after completion of the 14-week intervention

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Aysegul Simsek, PhD, Marmara University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

22. januar 2024

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

14. juni 2024

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

14. juni 2024

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

10. juli 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

10. juli 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

15. juli 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

16. juli 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

14. juli 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juli 2026

Mere information

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