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Impact of Repeated Virtual Reality Training on Markers of Stress

13. august 2026 opdateret af: Matt McAllister, Texas State University

Impact of Repeated Virtual Reality Based Law Enforcement Training on Stress Reactivity and Tactical Decision Making

The purpose of this study is to examine whether repeated exposure to an active shooter or target practice virtual reality (VR) scenario alters physiological and psychological stress responses over time. Specifically, this study will determine whether the pattern and magnitude of stress habituation differ between the two VR conditions.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This study examines the effects of repeated virtual reality (VR) exposure on physiological and psychological stress responses by comparing an active shooter scenario with a target practice scenario. Repeated exposure to a stressor may result in changes in physiological and psychological responses over time, a process known as stress habituation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine whether repeated exposure to these two VR scenarios results in different patterns of stress habituation. Heart rate, salivary stress biomarkers, and self-reported anxiety will be assessed across repeated VR exposures to evaluate changes in stress responses over time. The findings from this research may provide insight into how stress responses change with repeated exposure to different types of VR scenarios and may inform the development of training approaches for individuals in high-stress occupations.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

50

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Forenede Stater
    • Texas
      • San Marcos, Texas, Forenede Stater, 78666
        • Texas State University

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Generally healthy
  • Between the ages of 18-39
  • Student at texas state

Exclusion Criteria:

  • No known cardiovascular or metabolic diseases
  • Free from a major stressor in the last 30 days (recent divorce, birth of child, miscarriage, etc.)
  • Not currently taking medication that can impact results (e.g., psychiatric medication typically prescribed for psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, etc.)
  • Must also be free from any known psychiatric or physical illness (e.g., diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, alcoholism, epilepsy, severe motion sickness, etc.).

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Andet
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Enkelt

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Active Shooter
Group assigned to active shooter scenarios only
Andet: Active Shooter
Participants experienced a virtual reality simulation lasting ~3 minutes. Participants took on the roll of a law enforcement officer responding to an active shooter situation in a gas station (trial 1), home (trial 2), and school (trial 3).
Eksperimentel: Target Practice
Group assigned to two target practice scenarios and one active shooter scenario for the third trial only.
Andet: Target Practice
Participants experienced a virtual reality simulation lasting ~3 minutes. Participants had two trials of target practice training and one trial of an active shooter scenario where they responded as a law enforcement officer in a school.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
State Anxiety Inventory (SAI)
Tidsramme: Timepoint 1-4 were 20 minutes pre, immediately pre, immediately post, and 15 minutes post
The SAI is a 6 question survey on a 24 point scale, asking the subject to record how they feel. Questions asked were "I am calm," I am tense," "I am worried," "I am relaxed," etc. Subjects were asked to fill this out 4 times throughout the study, alongside HR and saliva samples.
Timepoint 1-4 were 20 minutes pre, immediately pre, immediately post, and 15 minutes post
Heart Rate
Tidsramme: HR was recorded 4 times, before each saliva sample period
Heart rate was recorded immediately prior to each saliva sample using a Polar Verity Sense heart rate wrist/arm strap.
HR was recorded 4 times, before each saliva sample period
Secretory Immunoglobulin-A
Tidsramme: Measured using the saliva samples taken at timepoints 1-4 (20 min pre, immediately pre, immediately post, 15 min post)
SIgA is a marker of immune function and salivary SIgA concentrations tend to increase when exposed to stress
Measured using the saliva samples taken at timepoints 1-4 (20 min pre, immediately pre, immediately post, 15 min post)
Salivary Alpha Amylase
Tidsramme: Measured using the saliva samples taken at timepoints 1-4 (20 min pre, immediately pre, immediately post, 15 min post)
sAA is an enzyme involved in digestive processes. Amylase concentrations in saliva have been shown to reflect sympathetic stress. Thus, as sympathetic stress increases, salivary amylase concentrations tend to increase.
Measured using the saliva samples taken at timepoints 1-4 (20 min pre, immediately pre, immediately post, 15 min post)

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Texas State University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

1. oktober 2025

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

1. maj 2026

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

1. maj 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

13. august 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

13. august 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

18. august 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

18. august 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

13. august 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. august 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • IRB #10320

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

IPD-planbeskrivelse

IRB at Texas State does not allow the sharing of individual data, and all data has already been made unidentifiable for this study.

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