Shortwave Intervention for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Aged 18-85 years, regardless of gender, with the ability to act independently;
• 2. Appearance of neuropathic symptoms or signs at the time of or after the diagnosis of diabetes, meeting the following criteria: presence of DPN symptoms (numbness, tingling, burning, cold, pain), with or without signs (abnormalities in any of ankle reflex, vibration sense, pinprick sensation, temperature sensation, or pressure sensation);
• 3. Able to complete the TCSS assessment;
• 4. Understands the entire trial process, voluntarily participates in the study, and signs the informed consent form.
• 5. Patients who did not respond to adequate treatment with mecobalamin and other medications.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Peripheral neuropathy caused by other reasons (such as lumbar spine lesions, vitamin B12 deficiency, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, alcohol intoxication, drug neurotoxicity, Guillain-Barré syndrome, etc.);
• 2. Hemorrhagic diseases, malignant tumors;
• 3. History of below-knee amputation;
• 4. Skin damage, infection at the treatment site, or presence of metal implants, pacemaker;
• 5. Combined severe heart, liver, or kidney dysfunction (e.g., eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m²), or cognitive impairment preventing cooperation;
• 6. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy;
• 7. Participation in other interventional clinical trials within the past 3 months;
• 8. Combined severe psychiatric disorders;
• 9. Other conditions assessed by the investigator that prevent completion of the trial;
• 10. Poor compliance.