Change-of-Direction Repeated Sprints in Adolescent Female Basketball Players
29 de julio de 2026 actualizado por: Engin Güneş Atabaş, Pamukkale University
Effects of Changes of Direction on Repeated-Sprint Performance, Perceived Exertion, and Acute Cardiovascular Responses in Adolescent Female Basketball Players: A Randomized Crossover Study
The purpose of this randomized crossover study was to compare the acute effects of repeated-sprint protocols incorporating different numbers of 180-degree changes of direction in adolescent female basketball players.
Twenty participants completed three exercise conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced order: 10 × 15-m linear sprints, 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating one 180-degree change of direction, and 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint was followed by 30 seconds of passive recovery.
Sprint performance, perceived exertion, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed.
The study examined whether increasing the number of changes of direction affected repeated-sprint performance and acute perceptual and cardiovascular responses.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Terminado
Condiciones
Descripción detallada
This was an acute, randomized, counterbalanced, three-condition crossover study in which each participant completed all experimental conditions and served as her own control.
Following a standardized warm-up, participants completed one of three repeated-sprint protocols during each experimental condition: 10 × 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction, 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating one 180-degree change of direction, or 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating two 180-degree changes of direction. A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions. Total sprint distance, number of repetitions, and recovery duration were standardized across the three conditions; only the number of changes of direction differed.
Sprint times were recorded using electronic timing gates. Best, average, and worst sprint times were determined, and sprint decrement and the change from best to worst performance were calculated. Rating of perceived exertion was recorded after each protocol. Heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed immediately before and after each condition.
The experimental conditions were compared to determine whether increasing the number of 180-degree changes of direction altered absolute repeated-sprint performance, performance maintenance, perceived exertion, or immediate cardiovascular responses.
Tipo de estudio
Intervencionista
Inscripción (Actual)
20
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Pamukkale
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Denizli, Pamukkale, Turquía (Türkiye), 20000
- Pamukkale University Sports Sciences and Technology Research and Application Center
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Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Niño
- Adulto
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female basketball players aged 16-18 years.
- Currently competing in the U16 or U18 basketball leagues in Denizli, Türkiye.
- At least two years of structured basketball training experience.
- Regular participation in at least three training sessions and one official match per week.
- No injury or illness that could prevent maximal sprint performance.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Reporting an injury before testing that could prevent maximal sprint performance.
- Failure to attend all testing sessions or complete all three experimental conditions.
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Otro
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación cruzada
- Enmascaramiento: Ninguno (etiqueta abierta)
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Sequence 1: Linear-One-COD-Two-COD
Participants assigned to Sequence 1 completed the linear repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the one-COD condition during the second session, and the two-COD condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
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Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
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Experimental: Sequence 2: One-COD-Two-COD-Linear
Participants assigned to Sequence 2 completed the one-COD repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the two-COD condition during the second session, and the linear condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
|
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
|
|
Experimental: Sequence 3: Two-COD-Linear-One-COD
Participants assigned to Sequence 3 completed the two-COD repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the linear condition during the second session, and the one-COD condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
|
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Average Sprint Time
Periodo de tiempo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The mean completion time of the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was calculated separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Best Sprint Time
Periodo de tiempo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The fastest completion time (lowest value) among the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was determined separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Worst Sprint Time
Periodo de tiempo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The slowest completion time (highest value) among the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was determined separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Sprint Decrement
Periodo de tiempo: Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The percentage reduction in performance across the 10 maximal sprint repetitions.
Sprint decrement was calculated separately for each experimental condition using the following formula: Sdec (%) = ([sum of the 10 sprint times / (best sprint time × 10)] - 1) × 100.
Higher values indicate a greater decline in repeated-sprint performance.
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Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Worst-to-Best Decrement
Periodo de tiempo: Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The percentage difference between the fastest and slowest sprint repetitions, calculated separately for each experimental condition using the following formula: [(worst sprint time - best sprint time) / best sprint time] × 100.
Higher values indicate a greater decline from the best to the worst performance.
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Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately after completion of the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Perceived exertion was assessed using the Borg category-ratio scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents rest and 10 represents maximal exertion.
Participants rated the overall difficulty of each completed repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately after completion of the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Heart Rate
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Heart rate was measured using a Soulfix fingertip pulse oximeter placed on the index finger of the left hand.
Values were recorded in beats per minute before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Peripheral Oxygen Saturation
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured using a Soulfix fingertip pulse oximeter placed on the index finger of the left hand.
Values were recorded as a percentage before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Systolic Blood Pressure
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Systolic blood pressure was measured on the left upper arm using an Omron M2 Essential automated digital blood-pressure monitor.
Values were recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Diastolic Blood Pressure
Periodo de tiempo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Diastolic blood pressure was measured on the left upper arm using an Omron M2 Essential automated digital blood-pressure monitor.
Values were recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Investigador principal: Engin Güneş Atabaş, PhD, Pamukkale Üniversitesi
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
2 de mayo de 2026
Finalización primaria (Actual)
21 de mayo de 2026
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
21 de mayo de 2026
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
22 de julio de 2026
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
22 de julio de 2026
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
27 de julio de 2026
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
30 de julio de 2026
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
29 de julio de 2026
Última verificación
1 de julio de 2026
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- PAU-COD-RSA-2026-01
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?
NO
Descripción del plan IPD
Individual participant data will not be publicly shared because participant consent did not include public data sharing and the dataset contains information from adolescent participants.
De-identified aggregate data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and subject to institutional and ethical approval.
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .