Change-of-Direction Repeated Sprints in Adolescent Female Basketball Players
29 luglio 2026 aggiornato da: Engin Güneş Atabaş, Pamukkale University
Effects of Changes of Direction on Repeated-Sprint Performance, Perceived Exertion, and Acute Cardiovascular Responses in Adolescent Female Basketball Players: A Randomized Crossover Study
The purpose of this randomized crossover study was to compare the acute effects of repeated-sprint protocols incorporating different numbers of 180-degree changes of direction in adolescent female basketball players.
Twenty participants completed three exercise conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced order: 10 × 15-m linear sprints, 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating one 180-degree change of direction, and 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint was followed by 30 seconds of passive recovery.
Sprint performance, perceived exertion, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed.
The study examined whether increasing the number of changes of direction affected repeated-sprint performance and acute perceptual and cardiovascular responses.
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Completato
Condizioni
Descrizione dettagliata
This was an acute, randomized, counterbalanced, three-condition crossover study in which each participant completed all experimental conditions and served as her own control.
Following a standardized warm-up, participants completed one of three repeated-sprint protocols during each experimental condition: 10 × 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction, 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating one 180-degree change of direction, or 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating two 180-degree changes of direction. A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions. Total sprint distance, number of repetitions, and recovery duration were standardized across the three conditions; only the number of changes of direction differed.
Sprint times were recorded using electronic timing gates. Best, average, and worst sprint times were determined, and sprint decrement and the change from best to worst performance were calculated. Rating of perceived exertion was recorded after each protocol. Heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed immediately before and after each condition.
The experimental conditions were compared to determine whether increasing the number of 180-degree changes of direction altered absolute repeated-sprint performance, performance maintenance, perceived exertion, or immediate cardiovascular responses.
Tipo di studio
Interventistico
Iscrizione (Effettivo)
20
Fase
- Non applicabile
Contatti e Sedi
Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.
Luoghi di studio
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Pamukkale
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Denizli, Pamukkale, Turchia (Türkiye), 20000
- Pamukkale University Sports Sciences and Technology Research and Application Center
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Criteri di partecipazione
I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
- Bambino
- Adulto
Accetta volontari sani
Sì
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female basketball players aged 16-18 years.
- Currently competing in the U16 or U18 basketball leagues in Denizli, Türkiye.
- At least two years of structured basketball training experience.
- Regular participation in at least three training sessions and one official match per week.
- No injury or illness that could prevent maximal sprint performance.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Reporting an injury before testing that could prevent maximal sprint performance.
- Failure to attend all testing sessions or complete all three experimental conditions.
Piano di studio
Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Altro
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione incrociata
- Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / Trattamento |
|---|---|
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Sperimentale: Sequence 1: Linear-One-COD-Two-COD
Participants assigned to Sequence 1 completed the linear repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the one-COD condition during the second session, and the two-COD condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
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Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
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Sperimentale: Sequence 2: One-COD-Two-COD-Linear
Participants assigned to Sequence 2 completed the one-COD repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the two-COD condition during the second session, and the linear condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
|
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
|
|
Sperimentale: Sequence 3: Two-COD-Linear-One-COD
Participants assigned to Sequence 3 completed the two-COD repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the linear condition during the second session, and the one-COD condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
|
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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Average Sprint Time
Lasso di tempo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The mean completion time of the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was calculated separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Best Sprint Time
Lasso di tempo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The fastest completion time (lowest value) among the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was determined separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Worst Sprint Time
Lasso di tempo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The slowest completion time (highest value) among the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was determined separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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Sprint Decrement
Lasso di tempo: Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The percentage reduction in performance across the 10 maximal sprint repetitions.
Sprint decrement was calculated separately for each experimental condition using the following formula: Sdec (%) = ([sum of the 10 sprint times / (best sprint time × 10)] - 1) × 100.
Higher values indicate a greater decline in repeated-sprint performance.
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Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Worst-to-Best Decrement
Lasso di tempo: Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The percentage difference between the fastest and slowest sprint repetitions, calculated separately for each experimental condition using the following formula: [(worst sprint time - best sprint time) / best sprint time] × 100.
Higher values indicate a greater decline from the best to the worst performance.
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Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion
Lasso di tempo: Immediately after completion of the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Perceived exertion was assessed using the Borg category-ratio scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents rest and 10 represents maximal exertion.
Participants rated the overall difficulty of each completed repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately after completion of the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Heart Rate
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Heart rate was measured using a Soulfix fingertip pulse oximeter placed on the index finger of the left hand.
Values were recorded in beats per minute before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Peripheral Oxygen Saturation
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured using a Soulfix fingertip pulse oximeter placed on the index finger of the left hand.
Values were recorded as a percentage before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Systolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Systolic blood pressure was measured on the left upper arm using an Omron M2 Essential automated digital blood-pressure monitor.
Values were recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Diastolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Diastolic blood pressure was measured on the left upper arm using an Omron M2 Essential automated digital blood-pressure monitor.
Values were recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.
Sponsor
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: Engin Güneş Atabaş, PhD, Pamukkale Üniversitesi
Studiare le date dei record
Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.
Studia le date principali
Inizio studio (Effettivo)
2 maggio 2026
Completamento primario (Effettivo)
21 maggio 2026
Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)
21 maggio 2026
Date di iscrizione allo studio
Primo inviato
22 luglio 2026
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
22 luglio 2026
Primo Inserito (Effettivo)
27 luglio 2026
Aggiornamenti dei record di studio
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)
30 luglio 2026
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
29 luglio 2026
Ultimo verificato
1 luglio 2026
Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Parole chiave
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- PAU-COD-RSA-2026-01
Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)
Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?
NO
Descrizione del piano IPD
Individual participant data will not be publicly shared because participant consent did not include public data sharing and the dataset contains information from adolescent participants.
De-identified aggregate data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and subject to institutional and ethical approval.
Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio
Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti
No
Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti
No
Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .