Change-of-Direction Repeated Sprints in Adolescent Female Basketball Players
29 de julho de 2026 atualizado por: Engin Güneş Atabaş, Pamukkale University
Effects of Changes of Direction on Repeated-Sprint Performance, Perceived Exertion, and Acute Cardiovascular Responses in Adolescent Female Basketball Players: A Randomized Crossover Study
The purpose of this randomized crossover study was to compare the acute effects of repeated-sprint protocols incorporating different numbers of 180-degree changes of direction in adolescent female basketball players.
Twenty participants completed three exercise conditions in a randomized, counterbalanced order: 10 × 15-m linear sprints, 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating one 180-degree change of direction, and 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint was followed by 30 seconds of passive recovery.
Sprint performance, perceived exertion, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed.
The study examined whether increasing the number of changes of direction affected repeated-sprint performance and acute perceptual and cardiovascular responses.
Visão geral do estudo
Status
Concluído
Condições
Descrição detalhada
This was an acute, randomized, counterbalanced, three-condition crossover study in which each participant completed all experimental conditions and served as her own control.
Following a standardized warm-up, participants completed one of three repeated-sprint protocols during each experimental condition: 10 × 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction, 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating one 180-degree change of direction, or 10 × 15-m sprints incorporating two 180-degree changes of direction. A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions. Total sprint distance, number of repetitions, and recovery duration were standardized across the three conditions; only the number of changes of direction differed.
Sprint times were recorded using electronic timing gates. Best, average, and worst sprint times were determined, and sprint decrement and the change from best to worst performance were calculated. Rating of perceived exertion was recorded after each protocol. Heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed immediately before and after each condition.
The experimental conditions were compared to determine whether increasing the number of 180-degree changes of direction altered absolute repeated-sprint performance, performance maintenance, perceived exertion, or immediate cardiovascular responses.
Tipo de estudo
Intervencional
Inscrição (Real)
20
Estágio
- Não aplicável
Contactos e Locais
Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.
Locais de estudo
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Pamukkale
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Denizli, Pamukkale, Turquia (Türkiye), 20000
- Pamukkale University Sports Sciences and Technology Research and Application Center
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Critérios de participação
Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.
Critérios de elegibilidade
Idades elegíveis para estudo
- Filho
- Adulto
Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis
Sim
Descrição
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female basketball players aged 16-18 years.
- Currently competing in the U16 or U18 basketball leagues in Denizli, Türkiye.
- At least two years of structured basketball training experience.
- Regular participation in at least three training sessions and one official match per week.
- No injury or illness that could prevent maximal sprint performance.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Reporting an injury before testing that could prevent maximal sprint performance.
- Failure to attend all testing sessions or complete all three experimental conditions.
Plano de estudo
Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.
Como o estudo é projetado?
Detalhes do projeto
- Finalidade Principal: Outro
- Alocação: Randomizado
- Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição cruzada
- Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)
Armas e Intervenções
Grupo de Participantes / Braço |
Intervenção / Tratamento |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Sequence 1: Linear-One-COD-Two-COD
Participants assigned to Sequence 1 completed the linear repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the one-COD condition during the second session, and the two-COD condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
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Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
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Experimental: Sequence 2: One-COD-Two-COD-Linear
Participants assigned to Sequence 2 completed the one-COD repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the two-COD condition during the second session, and the linear condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
|
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
|
|
Experimental: Sequence 3: Two-COD-Linear-One-COD
Participants assigned to Sequence 3 completed the two-COD repeated-sprint condition during the first experimental session, the linear condition during the second session, and the one-COD condition during the third session.
Consecutive sessions were separated by at least 48 hours.
|
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m linear sprints without a change of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of 7.5 m of forward sprinting followed by one 180-degree change of direction and a 7.5-m return sprint.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
Following a standardized 20-minute dynamic warm-up, participants performed 10 maximal 15-m repeated sprints.
Each repetition consisted of three consecutive 5-m sections and incorporated two 180-degree changes of direction.
Each sprint began from a standing position 0.5 m behind the starting line and was recorded using electronic timing gates.
A 30-second passive recovery period was provided between repetitions, during which participants remained standing.
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O que o estudo está medindo?
Medidas de resultados primários
Medida de resultado |
Descrição da medida |
Prazo |
|---|---|---|
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Average Sprint Time
Prazo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The mean completion time of the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was calculated separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Best Sprint Time
Prazo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The fastest completion time (lowest value) among the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was determined separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Worst Sprint Time
Prazo: During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The slowest completion time (highest value) among the 10 maximal 15-m sprint repetitions, recorded using Witty electronic timing gates and expressed in seconds.
The outcome was determined separately for the linear, one-COD, and two-COD repeated-sprint conditions.
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During the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Medidas de resultados secundários
Medida de resultado |
Descrição da medida |
Prazo |
|---|---|---|
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Sprint Decrement
Prazo: Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The percentage reduction in performance across the 10 maximal sprint repetitions.
Sprint decrement was calculated separately for each experimental condition using the following formula: Sdec (%) = ([sum of the 10 sprint times / (best sprint time × 10)] - 1) × 100.
Higher values indicate a greater decline in repeated-sprint performance.
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Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Worst-to-Best Decrement
Prazo: Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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The percentage difference between the fastest and slowest sprint repetitions, calculated separately for each experimental condition using the following formula: [(worst sprint time - best sprint time) / best sprint time] × 100.
Higher values indicate a greater decline from the best to the worst performance.
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Calculated from the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion
Prazo: Immediately after completion of the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Perceived exertion was assessed using the Borg category-ratio scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents rest and 10 represents maximal exertion.
Participants rated the overall difficulty of each completed repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately after completion of the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Heart Rate
Prazo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Heart rate was measured using a Soulfix fingertip pulse oximeter placed on the index finger of the left hand.
Values were recorded in beats per minute before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Peripheral Oxygen Saturation
Prazo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured using a Soulfix fingertip pulse oximeter placed on the index finger of the left hand.
Values were recorded as a percentage before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Systolic Blood Pressure
Prazo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Systolic blood pressure was measured on the left upper arm using an Omron M2 Essential automated digital blood-pressure monitor.
Values were recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Diastolic Blood Pressure
Prazo: Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Diastolic blood pressure was measured on the left upper arm using an Omron M2 Essential automated digital blood-pressure monitor.
Values were recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) before and immediately after each repeated-sprint condition.
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Immediately before and immediately after the repeated-sprint protocol in Sessions 1, 2, and 3 on Study Days 1, 3, and 5, respectively.
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Investigador principal: Engin Güneş Atabaş, PhD, Pamukkale Üniversitesi
Datas de registro do estudo
Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.
Datas Principais do Estudo
Início do estudo (Real)
2 de maio de 2026
Conclusão Primária (Real)
21 de maio de 2026
Conclusão do estudo (Real)
21 de maio de 2026
Datas de inscrição no estudo
Enviado pela primeira vez
22 de julho de 2026
Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ
22 de julho de 2026
Primeira postagem (Real)
27 de julho de 2026
Atualizações de registro de estudo
Última Atualização Postada (Real)
30 de julho de 2026
Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade
29 de julho de 2026
Última verificação
1 de julho de 2026
Mais Informações
Termos relacionados a este estudo
Palavras-chave
Outros números de identificação do estudo
- PAU-COD-RSA-2026-01
Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)
Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?
NÃO
Descrição do plano IPD
Individual participant data will not be publicly shared because participant consent did not include public data sharing and the dataset contains information from adolescent participants.
De-identified aggregate data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and subject to institutional and ethical approval.
Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo
Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA
Não
Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA
Não
Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .