MRI-Guided Temporal Interference Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18-75 years (inclusive), any gender.
• Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease according to the Chinese diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease (2016 edition).
• Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-4 (inclusive) during the "off" state.
• Documented response to levodopa (>33% improvement), with a stable anti-parkinsonian medication regimen for at least 4 weeks prior to screening, and no dose adjustments during the study.
• Voluntary signed informed consent, and ability to understand and comply with the study protocol to complete the study.
• No significant cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score ≥21).

Exclusion Criteria:

Inability or unwillingness to comply with the study protocol and/or inability to provide written informed consent;

Presence of a significant medical condition that may interfere with study procedures or confound the assessment of study endpoints;

Presence of a severe psychiatric disorder that may affect the participant's ability to comply with the study protocol;

A history of psychiatric disorders or current severe depression or anxiety;

Presence of metallic implants in the brain;

Known pregnancy or current breastfeeding;

Severe neurological disorders, such as a brain tumor;

Severe cardiac disease, including the presence of an implanted cardiac pacemaker;

Scalp lesions, inflammation, infection, active bleeding, or an increased bleeding tendency;

Any other current medical condition for which the use of transcranial electrical stimulation may pose an unacceptable risk;

A history of epilepsy or structural brain lesions, including severe cerebral atrophy or cerebrovascular disease;

Inability to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as because of claustrophobia or implanted metallic devices;

Inability to cooperate with or complete the required assessments; or any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes the individual unsuitable for participation in the study.