The Effect of Virtual Reality Headsets on Pain, Anxiety, Patient Satisfaction, and Physiological Parameters in Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery

For patients admitted to the ward for surgery, the researcher will have them complete the State Anxiety Scale and the Satisfaction Scale one day before surgery. On the third postoperative day in the clinic, the researcher will fit patients with virtual reality goggles, and the patient will watch nature-themed videos-such as forest scenes, beach walks, and parks-for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the virtual reality session will end. Immediately after the intervention and 30 minutes later, the same researcher will have the patients complete the Numerical Pain Scale, the State Anxiety Scale, the Numerical Satisfaction Scale, and the Physiological Parameters Monitoring Form.

One day before surgery, the researcher will have participants in this group complete the State Anxiety Scale and the Satisfaction Scale. On the third postoperative day at the clinic, the researcher will fit patients with virtual reality goggles, and the patient will watch nature-themed videos-such as forest scenes, beach walks, and parks-for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the virtual reality session will end. Immediately after the intervention and 30 minutes later, the same researcher will have the patients complete the Numerical Pain Scale, the State Anxiety Scale, the Numerical Satisfaction Scale, and the Physiological Parameters Monitoring Form. This distraction technique aims to reduce pain perception and anxiety levels, increase patient satisfaction during the procedure, and improve physiological parameters.

• Gafas de Realidad Virtual

Patients admitted to the ward for surgery will complete the State Anxiety Scale and the Satisfaction Scale administered by the researcher one day before surgery. Patients will be admitted to the clinic on the third postoperative day, and their care will continue to be provided by the nurse responsible for their care as part of routine clinical practice. The researcher will not perform any additional interventions. At the same time as the group receiving the virtual reality headset intervention, the researcher will again have patients complete the Numerical Pain Scale, State Anxiety Scale, Numerical Satisfaction Scale, and Physiological Parameters Monitoring Form.

(Measurements will be taken during the preoperative period; however, patients who do not meet the inclusion criteria postoperatively will not be included in the study.)

Pain intensity will be measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain) immediately after the procedure. Measurements will be taken three times: on the second day after surgery, immediately before the procedure, immediately after the procedure, and 30 minutes later.

Anxiety levels will be assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory-Short Form (STAIS-S). The scale measures temporary anxiety levels. Scores range from 20 to 80. Measurements will be taken four times: one day before surgery; on the second day after surgery; immediately before the procedure; immediately after the procedure; and 30 minutes after the procedure. Higher scores indicate higher (worse) anxiety.

Patient satisfaction will be assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (extremely satisfied). Measurements will be taken four times: one day before surgery; on the second day after surgery; immediately before the procedure; immediately after the procedure; and 30 minutes after the procedure. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction.

Systolic blood pressure will be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Higher values indicate higher systolic blood pressure.

Diastolic blood pressure will be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Higher values indicate higher diastolic blood pressure.

Pulse rate will be measured in beats per minute (beats/min).

Respiratory rate will be measured in breaths per minute (breaths/min).