Health Belief Model-Based Vulvar Self-Examination Education
Effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-Based Vulvar Self-Examination Education Program on Women's Health Beliefs and Awareness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-based Vulvar Self-Examination (VSE) education program on women's health beliefs, vulvar health awareness, and vulvar self-examination behaviors. Vulvar diseases and symptoms are often overlooked due to insufficient awareness, stigma, and limited knowledge regarding vulvar health. Early recognition of vulvar symptoms may contribute to timely diagnosis and treatment of vulvar disorders.
Participants in the intervention group received a structured Health Belief Model-based education program on vulvar self-examination, while the control group received routine information. Data were collected using participant information forms, vulvar health awareness assessments, and Health Belief Model-based scales before and after the intervention.
The primary aim of the study was to improve women's awareness and health beliefs regarding vulvar self-examination. Secondary outcomes included changes in vulvar self-examination practices and vulvar health literacy. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to preventive women's health practices and early recognition of vulvar health problems.
Aperçu de l'étude
Statut
Les conditions
Intervention / Traitement
Description détaillée
This study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-based Vulvar Self-Examination (VSE) education program among women. Vulvar diseases are common conditions affecting women's health; however, awareness regarding vulvar health and self-examination practices remains limited. Delayed recognition of vulvar symptoms may negatively affect early diagnosis and timely treatment of vulvar disorders.
The educational intervention was developed based on the constructs of the Health Belief Model, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. The intervention aimed to improve women's awareness, knowledge, and preventive health behaviors related to vulvar health and vulvar self-examination.
Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Women in the intervention group received a structured education program including information about vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, vulvar hygiene, warning signs requiring medical evaluation, and the steps of vulvar self-examination. Educational materials included visual and written content designed to enhance self-efficacy and promote regular self-examination behavior. The control group received routine health information.
Data were collected before and after the intervention using participant information forms, vulvar health awareness assessments, and Health Belief Model-based scales. The primary outcome of the study was improvement in women's health beliefs and awareness regarding vulvar self-examination. Secondary outcomes included changes in vulvar self-examination practices and vulvar health literacy levels.
The findings of this study are expected to contribute to preventive women's health services by supporting early recognition of vulvar health problems and improving women's self-care behaviors related to vulvar health.
Type d'étude
Inscription (Réel)
Phase
- N'est pas applicable
Contacts et emplacements
Lieux d'étude
-
-
Ankara
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Ankara, Ankara, Turquie (Türkiye)
- Ankara Medipol University
-
-
Critères de participation
Critère d'éligibilité
Âges éligibles pour étudier
- Adulte
- Adulte plus âgé
Accepte les volontaires sains
La description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Women aged 18 years and older
- Not having received prior education on vulvar self-examination
- Not having a diagnosis of vulvar cancer
- Agreeing to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having a known history of genital disease
- Having visual or cognitive impairments that may prevent active participation in the educational intervention
Plan d'étude
Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?
Détails de conception
- Objectif principal: La prévention
- Répartition: Randomisé
- Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
- Masquage: Double
Armes et Interventions
Groupe de participants / Bras |
Intervention / Traitement |
|---|---|
|
Expérimental: Self-Examination of the Vulva Education Group
Participants in this group received education on self-examination of the vulva, including vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, warning signs, guided practice, educational materials, and counseling support.
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Participants received education on self-examination of the vulva, including vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, warning signs, guided practice, educational materials, reminder messages, and counseling support.
|
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Aucune intervention: Routine Information Control Group
Participants in this group received routine health information only.
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Que mesure l'étude ?
Principaux critères de jugement
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
|
Champion Health Belief Model Scale Score for Vulvar Self-Examination
Délai: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
Change in women's health beliefs regarding self-examination of the vulva (SEV), assessed using the Champion Health Belief Model Scale adapted for SEV.
The scale includes perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy/confidence.
Higher scores indicate stronger health beliefs regarding SEV.
|
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
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Mesures de résultats secondaires
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
|
Vulvar Health Awareness Score
Délai: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
Change in vulvar health awareness, assessed using the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF), a researcher-developed instrument.
Scores were measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater vulvar health awareness.
|
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
|
Vulvar Health Literacy Score
Délai: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
Change in vulvar health literacy, assessed using the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF), a researcher-developed instrument.
Scores were measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater vulvar health literacy.
|
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
|
Self-Examination of the Vulva (SEV) Behavior
Délai: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
Change in self-examination of the vulva (SEV) behavior, assessed using the SEV practice item of the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF).
Measurements were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater engagement in SEV behavior.
|
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
Collaborateurs et enquêteurs
Parrainer
Les enquêteurs
- Chercheur principal: Özge A Aydoğan Aşır, RN, PhD, Ankara Medipol University
- Chercheur principal: Özge A Aşır Aşır, RN, PhD, Ankara Medipol University
Dates d'enregistrement des études
Dates principales de l'étude
Début de l'étude (Réel)
Achèvement primaire (Réel)
Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)
Dates d'inscription aux études
Première soumission
Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Première publication (Réel)
Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude
Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)
Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Dernière vérification
Plus d'information
Termes liés à cette étude
Mots clés
Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
- KKVM-RCT-2026-01
- E-85859696-604.01.01-4661 (Autre identifiant: Ankara Medipol University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee)
Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)
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Description du régime IPD
Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude
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