Health Belief Model-Based Vulvar Self-Examination Education
Effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-Based Vulvar Self-Examination Education Program on Women's Health Beliefs and Awareness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-based Vulvar Self-Examination (VSE) education program on women's health beliefs, vulvar health awareness, and vulvar self-examination behaviors. Vulvar diseases and symptoms are often overlooked due to insufficient awareness, stigma, and limited knowledge regarding vulvar health. Early recognition of vulvar symptoms may contribute to timely diagnosis and treatment of vulvar disorders.
Participants in the intervention group received a structured Health Belief Model-based education program on vulvar self-examination, while the control group received routine information. Data were collected using participant information forms, vulvar health awareness assessments, and Health Belief Model-based scales before and after the intervention.
The primary aim of the study was to improve women's awareness and health beliefs regarding vulvar self-examination. Secondary outcomes included changes in vulvar self-examination practices and vulvar health literacy. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to preventive women's health practices and early recognition of vulvar health problems.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
This study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-based Vulvar Self-Examination (VSE) education program among women. Vulvar diseases are common conditions affecting women's health; however, awareness regarding vulvar health and self-examination practices remains limited. Delayed recognition of vulvar symptoms may negatively affect early diagnosis and timely treatment of vulvar disorders.
The educational intervention was developed based on the constructs of the Health Belief Model, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. The intervention aimed to improve women's awareness, knowledge, and preventive health behaviors related to vulvar health and vulvar self-examination.
Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Women in the intervention group received a structured education program including information about vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, vulvar hygiene, warning signs requiring medical evaluation, and the steps of vulvar self-examination. Educational materials included visual and written content designed to enhance self-efficacy and promote regular self-examination behavior. The control group received routine health information.
Data were collected before and after the intervention using participant information forms, vulvar health awareness assessments, and Health Belief Model-based scales. The primary outcome of the study was improvement in women's health beliefs and awareness regarding vulvar self-examination. Secondary outcomes included changes in vulvar self-examination practices and vulvar health literacy levels.
The findings of this study are expected to contribute to preventive women's health services by supporting early recognition of vulvar health problems and improving women's self-care behaviors related to vulvar health.
Tipo de estudio
Inscripción (Actual)
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Ankara
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Ankara, Ankara, Turquía (Türkiye)
- Ankara Medipol University
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Criterios de participación
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Women aged 18 years and older
- Not having received prior education on vulvar self-examination
- Not having a diagnosis of vulvar cancer
- Agreeing to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having a known history of genital disease
- Having visual or cognitive impairments that may prevent active participation in the educational intervention
Plan de estudios
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Prevención
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Doble
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Self-Examination of the Vulva Education Group
Participants in this group received education on self-examination of the vulva, including vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, warning signs, guided practice, educational materials, and counseling support.
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Participants received education on self-examination of the vulva, including vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, warning signs, guided practice, educational materials, reminder messages, and counseling support.
|
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Sin intervención: Routine Information Control Group
Participants in this group received routine health information only.
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Champion Health Belief Model Scale Score for Vulvar Self-Examination
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
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Change in women's health beliefs regarding self-examination of the vulva (SEV), assessed using the Champion Health Belief Model Scale adapted for SEV.
The scale includes perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy/confidence.
Higher scores indicate stronger health beliefs regarding SEV.
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Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Vulvar Health Awareness Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
Change in vulvar health awareness, assessed using the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF), a researcher-developed instrument.
Scores were measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater vulvar health awareness.
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Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
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|
Vulvar Health Literacy Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
Change in vulvar health literacy, assessed using the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF), a researcher-developed instrument.
Scores were measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater vulvar health literacy.
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Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
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Self-Examination of the Vulva (SEV) Behavior
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
|
Change in self-examination of the vulva (SEV) behavior, assessed using the SEV practice item of the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF).
Measurements were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater engagement in SEV behavior.
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Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Investigador principal: Özge A Aydoğan Aşır, RN, PhD, Ankara Medipol University
- Investigador principal: Özge A Aşır Aşır, RN, PhD, Ankara Medipol University
Fechas de registro del estudio
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
Finalización primaria (Actual)
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última verificación
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Términos MeSH relevantes adicionales
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- KKVM-RCT-2026-01
- E-85859696-604.01.01-4661 (Otro identificador: Ankara Medipol University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee)
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?
Descripción del plan IPD
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
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