Sleep Detection in Residents of Long-term Care Facilities

Insomnia is a common sleep problem among older adults, with an overall prevalence reported between 30% and 50% and an even higher value among those living in nursing homes. Symptoms such as difficulty in falling asleep, difficulty in maintaining sleep, early morning awakening and non-restorative sleep not only have an important impact on the functional status and quality of life in older adults, but disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle are also known to be associated with cognitive decline. Polysomnography (PSG) is the current gold standard measuring for sleep disturbances using a collection of surface electrodes, physiologic an sleep parameters (including brain dynamics of electroencephalography (EEG)) in a sleep laboratory overnight. However, a 24-hour sleep detection based on objective measurement in older adults is of importance because excessive daytime sleepiness, and excessive napping are associated with negative health outcomes such as accelerated cognitive decline. Furthermore, Canadian 24-hours movement guidelines recommend to detect movement behavior, with sleep as a movement behavior included, over a 24-hour time span. Contactless sleep technologies (CSTs) may offer a low-burden and feasible assessment to monitoring sleep over 24-hours in older adults. To date there are several CSTs available with differences in accuracy compared to PSG. However, little is known regarding smallest detectable difference based on test-retest analysis based on intraday variability to effectively test the accuracy of such devices in older adults living in long-term care facilities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the smallest detectable difference of sleep quality based on test-retest analysis of two CSTs: (i) the Withings Sleep Analyzer and (ii) the Sleepiz One+ hardware in older adults.