Pulse Education and Children

Participants will a six-week pulse education program similar to the education-only group. However, this group will include individualized dietitian counseling alongside written educational materials, a common strategy in dietary education interventions. In addition to education, families will receive free weekly supply of pulses, pre-measured and packaged according to a stepwise intake plan (0.5 cups in Week 1, 1.0 cup in Week 2, and 1.5 cups from Weeks 3-6). The pulses provided will include chickpeas, lentils, and black beans, owing to their prebiotic and gut health benefits as identified in previous research. Families will be asked to prepare three pulse-based meals per week and complete adherence tracking. Pulse provisions are scaled to household size to ensure all members meet intake goals.

Participants will receive the same six-week pulse education program as the EO group. To further improve success, EP will include individualized dietitian counseling alongside written educational materials, a common strategy in dietary education interventions. In addition to education, EP families will receive free weekly supply of pulses, pre-measured and packaged according to the same stepwise intake plan. The pulses provided will include chickpeas, lentils, and black beans, owing to their prebiotic and gut health benefits as identified in previous research. Families prepare three pulse-based meals per week and complete the same adherence tracking as the EO group. Pulse provisions are scaled to household size to ensure all members meet intake goals.

The cooking class component will consist of a 4-week family-based cooking series involving both parent(s) and child(ren), with each week focused on a specific pulse: Week 1 (black beans), Week 2 (lentils), Week 3 (black-eyed peas), and Week 4 (chickpeas). Participants will be expected to prepare at least three meals per week using the designated pulse, for a total intake of approximately 1.5 cups per week.

On days when pulses are consumed, participants will complete a Pulse Meal Record using a 24-hour dietary recall format to document intake, preparation method, and portion size. Children will also complete a Child Food Experience Survey after each pulse-containing meal; for children aged 6-8 years, parents may read the survey questions aloud as needed.

Cooking classes will be administered in separate blocks to ensure that EO and EP participants attend distinct sessions. EO participants will independently review the assigned educational materials before each class. EP participants wi

Participants will receive six weekly pulse-focused nutrition sessions via printed handouts, PPTs, and recipe cards covering pulse nutrition, health benefits, and cooking methods. Families will be asked to prepare three pulse-based meals per week following a stepwise intake schedule (0.5 cups in Week 1, 1.0 cup in Week 2, and 1.5 cups from Weeks 3-6) and purchase pulses independently. Adherence is tracked through weekly food logs, checklists, and surveys on child acceptance, meal satisfaction, and preparation feasibility.

The cooking class component will consist of a 4-week family-based cooking series involving both parent(s) and child(ren), with each week focused on a specific pulse: Week 1 (black beans), Week 2 (lentils), Week 3 (black-eyed peas), and Week 4 (chickpeas). Participants will be expected to prepare at least three meals per week using the designated pulse, for a total intake of approximately 1.5 cups per week.

On days when pulses are consumed, participants will complete a Pulse Meal Record using a 24-hour dietary recall format to document intake, preparation method, and portion size. Children will also complete a Child Food Experience Survey after each pulse-containing meal; for children aged 6-8 years, parents may read the survey questions aloud as needed.

Cooking classes will be administered in separate blocks to ensure that EO and EP participants attend distinct sessions. EO participants will independently review the assigned educational materials before each class. EP participants wi

Participants receive six weekly pulse-focused nutrition sessions via printed handouts, PPTs, and recipe cards covering pulse nutrition, health benefits, and cooking methods. Families prepare three pulse-based meals per week following a stepwise intake schedule (0.5 cups in Week 1, 1.0 cup in Week 2, and 1.5 cups from Weeks 3-6) and purchase pulses independently. One of four pulses (lentils, chickpeas, black eye peas, black beans) will be assigned each week.

Proportion of participants achieving the prescribed pulse intake of ≥1.5 cups per week, assessed using dietary records and pulse meal logs.

Change in fecal microbiome composition and alpha/beta diversity indices measured by microbiome analysis of stool samples.

Change in fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, measured from stool samples.

Change in biomarkers of intestinal epithelial/barrier function measured in biological samples.

Maintenance of pulse consumption following completion of the intervention, assessed by dietary records and pulse intake questionnaires.

Change in serum lipid concentrations, including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Change in fasting blood glucose concentration measured from blood samples.

Change in circulating metabolomic signatures associated with pulse consumption and metabolic health.

Evaluate changes in gut transit time after pulse consumption for 6 weeks from baseline to final analysis, using a blue-dye capsule.

Change in circulating and/or fecal biomarkers of inflammation.

Evaluate changes in gastrointestinal tolerance symptoms to pulses like bloating, gas, and/or stomach cramping using a post-meal survey.

Frequency and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloating, abdominal discomfort, gas, diarrhea, and constipation, reported during the intervention period.

Number and severity of adverse events judged to be related to study participation or pulse consumption.