The Effects of Intermittent Water Consumption and Restriction on Serum Electrolyte Levels in Professional Football Players During Competition
Background: In sports requiring intense physical exertion, particularly in endurance-based disciplines such as football, exercise-induced fluid and electrolyte losses can have adverse effects on thermoregulation, cardiovascular stability, and neuromuscular functions. Failure to balance these losses with adequate and timely rehydration increases the risk of performance decrement and injury. Although the literature indicates that intermittent and individualized fluid intake can mitigate these physiological effects, experimental studies conducted under field conditions with professional athletes remain limited. In this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of intermittent water consumption administered during competition on exercise-induced changes in body weight and basic serum electrolyte levels (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl-) in professional football players.
Methods: Twenty-two male football players participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either the experimental (intermittent water intake, n=11) or control (ad libitum water intake, n=11) group. Both groups played a 90-minute match; body weight and serum electrolyte levels were measured before and after the competition. The experimental group was provided with a total of 10 mL/kg of plain water, administered before the match and at half-time.
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Condizioni
Intervento / Trattamento
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Effettivo)
Fase
- Non applicabile
Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
- Adulto
- Adulto più anziano
Accetta volontari sani
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male professional football players.
- Actively playing for Anadolu Selçukspor in the Turkish Football Federation 2nd League.
- Training at a professional level.
- Having no reported health problems.
- Voluntary participation in the study.
- Providing written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having any health problem that could affect participation in the football match or study measurements.
- Having an injury or medical condition preventing participation in exercise.
- Refusal to participate or failure to provide written informed consent.
- Not completing the match protocol or pre- and post-competition measurements.
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Altro
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / Trattamento |
|---|---|
|
Sperimentale: Intermittent Water Intake Group
Participants in this arm received intermittent plain water intake during the football match.
The total water volume was calculated according to body weight as 2 × 5 mL/kg and was administered in two equal doses: 15 minutes before the match and immediately after the first half.
|
Participants in the experimental group received plain water according to body weight.
The total amount was calculated as 2 × 5 mL/kg and was administered in two equal doses: 15 minutes before the start of the football match and immediately after the first half.
Water intake was directly observed and recorded.
Altri nomi:
|
|
Nessun intervento: Ad Libitum Water Intake Group
Participants in this arm received no specific hydration guidance during the study and followed their natural thirst-driven drinking behavior throughout the football match.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Serum Electrolyte Levels
Lasso di tempo: Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
|
Change in serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride levels from before to after the 90-minute football match.
Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after the competition to evaluate exercise-induced changes in serum electrolyte balance.
|
Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Body Weight
Lasso di tempo: Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
|
Change in body weight from before to after the 90-minute football match.
Body weight was measured before and after the competition to estimate exercise-induced fluid loss.
|
Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
|
Collaboratori e investigatori
Sponsor
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: Süleyman Patlar, Prod. Dr., Selcuk University
Studiare le date dei record
Studia le date principali
Inizio studio (Effettivo)
Completamento primario (Effettivo)
Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)
Date di iscrizione allo studio
Primo inviato
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
Primo Inserito (Effettivo)
Aggiornamenti dei record di studio
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
Ultimo verificato
Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Parole chiave
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- SU-FSS-2015-41
Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)
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Descrizione del piano IPD
Periodo di condivisione IPD
Criteri di accesso alla condivisione IPD
Tipo di informazioni di supporto alla condivisione IPD
- STUDIO_PROTOCOLLO
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