The Consumption of Beef on Appetite and Cognitive Function
2019年4月30日 更新者：Heather Leidy、University of Missouri-Columbia
A Randomized Controlled Feeding, Crossover Trial to Assess the Appetitive and Cognitive Effects of Daily Beef Consumption in Healthy, Overweight Women
The purpose of the main study is to determine whether the daily consumption of protein-rich meals containing high quality, lean beef products improves appetite control and cognitive function during a weight maintenance diet.
The purpose of the sub-study is to determine whether the daily consumption of protein-rich meals containing the same amount of high quality, lean beef products improves appetite control and cognitive function during a modest energy restriction, weight loss diet.
調査の概要
状態
完了
条件
詳細な説明
Two cross-over design studies were completed in overweight, sedentary but otherwise healthy women.
For study 1, 17 participants randomly consumed 4 eucaloric diets containing standard-protein (SP; 76±1g protein/d) or high-protein (HP; 126±1g protein/d) for 7 consecutive days/treatment.
The SP treatments contained all plant proteins (PLANT) or a combination of beef and plant proteins (BEEF) that were evenly distributed throughout the day (EVEN).
The HP treatments were also BEEF provided as EVEN or an uneven distribution (UNEVEN) pattern.
For study 2, 17 participants randomly consumed 3 energy restriction (1250 kcal/d) diets containing SP-PLANT (EVEN) and SP-BEEF (EVEN) (both, 48±1g protein/d) or HP-BEEF (EVEN) (123±1g protein/d).
During day 6 of each treatment (for both studies), the participants completed a 12-h controlled-feeding, clinical testing day which included repeated appetite, satiety, food cravings, and mood questionnaires; blood sampling; and cognitive function/performance testing.
During day 7 of each treatment (for both studies), the participants completed a free-living, ad libitum testing day at home/work to assess ad libitum (voluntary) daily intake and food choice.
Each of the 7-day dietary patterns occurred during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle; thus, there were 2-3 week washout periods between dietary treatments.
研究の種類
介入
入学 (実際)
35
段階
- 適用できない
参加基準
研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
18年～52年 (大人)
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
はい
受講資格のある性別
女性
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Women
- Ages: 18-52 y
- BMI: 25-32 kg/m2
- No metabolic, hormonal, and/or neural conditions/diseases that influence metabolism, appetite, or cognition
- No blood donations to American Red Cross within past 6 months
- No medication that would influence directly appetite or cognition
- No change in any medications (over the past 3 months)
- Non-smoking (for the past year)
- Not pregnant within the past 6 months (or planning to become pregnant during study)
- Have not given birth and/or lactating within the past 6 months
- Normal menstrual cycles between 26-32 days in duration; 5 menstrual cycles within the past 6 months; or able to provide documentation of oral/hormonal contraceptive use which contains low-dose estrogen/progesterone to maintain continuous levels throughout the 28-day cycle (i.e., no placebos)
- Not clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
- No weight loss/gain (≥10 lb. in the past 6 months)
- No past history of surgical interventions for the treatment of obesity
- No allergies and/or aversions to the study foods, particularly beef
- Consumes ≤ 800 mg caffeine/day
- Of this, ≤260 mg caffeine is consumed prior to lunch (~12 oz. Starbucks coffee)
- Not currently and/or previously on a specific diet including high protein, vegan, vegetarian, etc.
- Willing and able to consume all study foods
- Habitually consumes breakfast, lunch, and dinner >4 days/week
- No history of drug abuse or alcohol abuse (i.e., >14 drinks/week; 1 drink=12 oz. beer; 5 oz. wine; 1.5 oz. liquor)
- Displays a score of <4 on the Three Factor Eating Habits Questionnaire (TFEQ)
- Conventional (typical) and consistent sleep patterns
- awake hours somewhere between 5 am - 11 pm with no afternoon naps
- rates quality of sleep as Fairly to Very Good on the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
- averages ≥ 6 sleep hours/night over the past month
- Displays a Profile of Mood State 2nd Edition (POMS2; 60-item) Depression-Dejection Scale score within 1.5 SD of the age, gender, and racial-specific normative mean (Nyenhuis et al., 1999; Petterson K et al., 2006)
- Obtained a "Yes" on the validity indicator and displayed a score of >70 (>2%) on the CNS Vital Signs Battery
- Sedentary (i.e., limited purposeful physical activity)
- Willing and able to maintain current inactivity patterns throughout the study
- Willing and able to follow all study procedures
- Generally healthy, as assessed from the medical history questionnaire
Exclusion Criteria:
- Men
- Ages: <18 or >52 y
- BMI: <25 or >32 kg/m2
- Any metabolic, hormonal, and/or neural conditions/diseases that influence metabolism, appetite, or cognition
- Have donated blood to American Red Cross within past 6 months
- Medication that would influence directly appetite or cognition
- Change in medications (over the past 3 months)
- Have smoked in the past year
- Pregnant within the past 6 months (or planning to become pregnant during study)
- Have given birth and/or lactating within the past 6 months
- Abnormal menstrual cycles [not between 26-32 days in duration; or not 5-6 menstrual cycles within the past 6 months; or not able to provide documentation of oral/hormonal contraceptive use which contains low-dose estrogen/progesterone to maintain continuous levels throughout the 28-day cycle (i.e., no placebos)]
- Clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder
- Weight loss/gain (≥10 lb. in the past 6 months)
- Past history of surgical interventions for the treatment of obesity
- Allergies and/or aversions to the study foods, particularly beef
- Consumes > 800 mg caffeine/day
- Or, of caffeine consumed, >260 mg caffeine is consumed prior to lunch (~12 oz. Starbucks coffee)
- Currently and/or previously on a specific diet including high protein, vegan, vegetarian, etc.
- Unwilling and/or unable to consume all study foods
- Habitually consumes breakfast, lunch, and dinner <4 days/week
- History of drug abuse or alcohol abuse (i.e., >14 drinks/week; 1 drink=12 oz. beer; 5 oz. wine; 1.5 oz. liquor)
- Displays a score of >4 on the Three Factor Eating Habits Questionnaire (TFEQ)
- Unconventional (atypical) and/or inconsistent sleep patterns
- awake hours not somewhere between 5 am - 11 pm and/or afternoon naps
- does not rate quality of sleep as Fairly to Very Good on the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
- averages < 6 sleep hours/night over the past month
- Does not display a Profile of Mood State 2nd Edition (POMS2; 60-item) Depression-Dejection Scale score within 1.5 SD of the age, gender, and racial-specific normative mean (Nyenhuis et al., 1999; Petterson K et al., 2006)
- Did not obtain a "Yes" on the validity indicator and/or did not display a score of >70 (>2%) on the CNS Vital Signs Battery
- Not sedentary (i.e., purposeful physical activity)
- Unwilling and/or unable to maintain current inactivity patterns throughout the study
- Unwilling and/or unable to follow all study procedures
- Not generally healthy, as assessed from the medical history questionnaire
研究計画
このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：防止
- 割り当て：ランダム化
- 介入モデル：クロスオーバー割り当て
- マスキング：独身
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
|
実験的：Energy Balance Comparison
Participants will randomly consume 4 eucaloric diets for 7 consecutive days/treatment. Energy levels for all diets are established according to needs for energy balance. Interventions: Standard Protein-Plant, Even Distribution (SP-PLANT-EVEN); Standard Protein-Beef, Even Distribution (SP-BEEF-EVEN); High Protein-Beef, Even Distribution (HP-BEEF-EVEN); High Protein-Beef, Uneven Distribution (HP-BEEF-UNEVEN) |
Diet contains all plant proteins.
Meals are evenly distributed throughout the day.
Diet contains combination of beef and plant proteins.
Meals are evenly distributed throughout the day.
Diet contains combination of beef and plant proteins.
Meals are evenly distributed throughout the day.
Diet contains combination of beef and plant proteins.
Meals are unevenly distributed throughout the day.
|
|
実験的：Energy Restriction Comparison
Participants will randomly consume 3 energy restriction diets (1250 kcal/day) for 7 consecutive days/treatment. Energy levels for all diets are established according to needs for energy restriction. Interventions: Standard Protein-Plant, Even Distribution (SP-PLANT-EVEN); Standard Protein-Beef, Even Distribution (SP-BEEF-EVEN); High Protein-Beef, Even Distribution (HP-BEEF-EVEN) |
Diet contains all plant proteins.
Meals are evenly distributed throughout the day.
Diet contains combination of beef and plant proteins.
Meals are evenly distributed throughout the day.
Diet contains combination of beef and plant proteins.
Meals are evenly distributed throughout the day.
|
この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Daily Energy Intake: Total Daily Intake
時間枠：5 months
|
Energy intake during breakfast, lunch, dinner, and evening snacks of each day 7 testing day (separated by 3-4 weeks) will be measured.
|
5 months
|
二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Perceived Fullness
時間枠：5 months
|
Questionnaires assessing fullness will be completed throughout each of the 12-hour testing days (which are separated by 3-4 weeks).
The questionnaires contain validated visual analog scales (VAS) incorporating a 100 mm horizontal line rating scale for each response.
The scale is 0 to 100mm.
The questions are worded in the following manner "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not at all" (indicated at 0 mm) to "extremely" (indicated at 100 mm).
All measures are reported at area under the curve for 0 to 630 min.
|
5 months
|
|
Reaction Time as a Measure of Cognitive Performance Assessed Using the Stroop Test
時間枠：5 months
|
Cognitive function will be assessed during each of the 12-hour testing days using CNS Vital Signs, a validated computerized assessment.
This system contains a core battery of tasks.
Reaction Time is the outcome of interest measured with the Stroop Test.
In the first part, the words RED, YELLOW, BLUE, & GREEN (printed in black) appear at random on the screen, & the participant presses the space bar as soon as the test subject sees the word.
In the second part, the words RED, YELLOW, BLUE, & GREEN appear on the screen, printed in color.
The participant is asked to press the space bar when the color of the word matches what the word says.
In the third part, the words RED, YELLOW, BLUE, & GREEN appear on the screen, printed in color.
The participant is asked to press the space bar when the color of the word does not match what the word says.
Reaction time is in milliseconds.
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5 months
|
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Perceived Alertness
時間枠：5 months
|
Alertness will be assessed during each of the 12-hour testing days (which are separated by 3-4 weeks) using the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition (POMS2) with sub-categories of perceived vigor.
POM2 is a self-report measure that allows for the quick assessment of transient, fluctuating feelings, and enduring affect states.
There are 35 items.
Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely).
The Alertness (Vigor-Activity) scale score indicates the extent to which individual felt alert (vigorous and/or energetic); the higher are her positive feelings and/or energy, the greater is her score (i.e., a low score indicates relatively fewer positive feelings and/or low energy).
Ratings on this scale yielded a T-score of 25 (95% CI =18-32), which is ranked at the 1st percentile, and falls within the Very Low score range.
The T scores were then used to calculate area under the curve.
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5 months
|
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Perceived Hunger
時間枠：5 months
|
Questionnaires assessing hunger will be completed throughout each of the 12-hour testing days (which are separated by 3-4 weeks).
The questionnaires contain validated visual analog scales (VAS) incorporating a 100 mm horizontal line rating scale for each response.
The scale is 0 to 100mm.
The questions are worded in the following manner "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not at all" (indicated at 0 mm) to "extremely" (indicated at 100 mm).
All measures are reported at area under the curve for 0 to 630 min.
|
5 months
|
|
Perceived Prospective Food Consumption
時間枠：5 months
|
Questionnaires assessing prospective food consumption will be completed throughout each of the 12-hour testing days (which are separated by 3-4 weeks).
The questionnaires contain validated visual analog scales (VAS) incorporating a 100 mm horizontal line rating scale for each response.
The scale is 0 to 100mm.
The questions are worded in the following manner "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not at all" (indicated at 0 mm) to "extremely" (indicated at 100 mm).
All measures are reported at area under the curve for 0 to 630 min.
|
5 months
|
|
Perceived Desire to Eat
時間枠：5 months
|
Questionnaires assessing desire to eat will be completed throughout each of the 12-hour testing days (which are separated by 3-4 weeks).
The questionnaires contain validated visual analog scales (VAS) incorporating a 100 mm horizontal line rating scale for each response.
The scale is 0 to 100mm.
The questions are worded in the following manner "how strong is your feeling of" with anchors of "not at all" (indicated at 0 mm) to "extremely" (indicated at 100 mm).
All measures are reported at area under the curve for 0 to 630 min.
|
5 months
|
協力者と研究者
ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。
出版物と役立つリンク
研究に関する情報を入力する責任者は、自発的にこれらの出版物を提供します。これらは、研究に関連するあらゆるものに関するものである可能性があります。
一般刊行物
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研究記録日
これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。
主要日程の研究
研究開始
2014年1月1日
一次修了 (実際)
2015年5月1日
研究の完了 (実際)
2015年5月1日
試験登録日
最初に提出
2015年11月23日
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
2015年11月23日
最初の投稿 (見積もり)
2015年11月25日
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
2019年7月8日
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
2019年4月30日
最終確認日
2019年4月1日
詳しくは
この情報は、Web サイト clinicaltrials.gov から変更なしで直接取得したものです。研究の詳細を変更、削除、または更新するリクエストがある場合は、register@clinicaltrials.gov。 までご連絡ください。 clinicaltrials.gov に変更が加えられるとすぐに、ウェブサイトでも自動的に更新されます。