Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Filler Myomodulation for Non-Surgical Management of Excessive Gingival Display
2026年7月17日 更新者:Nada Mahmoud Al-Aboud、Al-Azhar University
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficiency and Patient Satisfaction of Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Filler in the Management of Excessive Gingival Display
This randomized controlled trial compared the clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction of two non-surgical treatments for excessive gingival display (gummy smile): botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) filler myomodulation.
Excessive gingival display is defined as exposure of 3 mm or more of gingival tissue during maximal smiling.
It affects approximately 14% of women and 7% of men and is associated with reduced self-confidence, smile suppression in social settings, and impaired quality of life.
When caused by hyperactivity of the upper lip elevator muscles, it can be treated without surgery using injectable therapies.
Twenty patients (18 females, 2 males; age 18-45 years) with excessive gingival display greater than 3 mm were randomly allocated 1:1 to one of two groups.
Group A (n=10) received bilateral injections of botulinum toxin type A (Refinex; 5 IU per side) at the Yonsei point.
Group B (n=10) received cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler (Juvederm Voluma with lidocaine; 1.0 mL total) injected at six periosteal sites around the nose and upper lip using a myomodulation technique.
Participants were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment.
The primary outcome was maximum gingival display measured in millimeters using a calibrated periodontal probe.
Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction measured by Visual Analog Scale and a 12-item questionnaire, and adverse event monitoring.
Both treatments produced equivalent gingival display reductions at one month (BTX-A: 69.6%; HA: 63.0%).
At six months, the HA group maintained a statistically significant 26.4% improvement while the BTX-A group showed near-complete relapse.
Despite this, BTX-A patients reported higher categorical satisfaction.
Both treatments had excellent safety profiles.
調査の概要
状態
完了
詳細な説明
Study Design: Prospective, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial.
Setting: Oral Diagnosis Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ethics: Approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University (Code: P-ME-25-02).
All participants provided written informed consent.
Study conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Randomization: Performed using the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trial Randomization Tool (https://ctrandomization.cancer.gov/),
Maximal procedure, Maximum Tolerated Imbalance = 3, allocation ratio 1:1.
Group A - BTX-A: Refinex (botulinum toxin type A), 5 IU per side, bilateral injection at the Yonsei point (convergence of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, and zygomaticus minor muscles), single session, 30-gauge needle.
Group B - HA Myomodulation: Juvederm Voluma with lidocaine (20 mg/mL cross-linked hyaluronic acid, VYCROSS technology), total 1.0 mL per patient, six periosteal deposits of 0.2 mL each at the piriform fossa bilaterally, anterior nasal spine, and nasal base bilaterally, 27-gauge needle.
Negative aspiration confirmed before each injection.
Outcome Measurement: Maximum gingival display measured by UNC-15 periodontal probe (three consecutive measurements averaged) at baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3).
Patient satisfaction by Visual Analog Scale (0-10 cm) for overall smile and gingival display satisfaction.
Psychosocial impact by 12-item Likert questionnaire.
Adverse event monitoring at all follow-up visits.
Standardized digital photography at each time point (Nikon D5600, 105mm macro lens).
Statistics: SPSS v26.0.
Independent-samples t-test for between-group comparisons.
Paired-samples t-test for within-group comparisons.
Chi-square and Fisher exact tests for categorical data.
Pearson correlation for associations between gingival display reduction and satisfaction.
Significance at p less than 0.05.
研究の種類
介入
入学 (実際)
20
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。
研究場所
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Cairo Governorate
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Cairo、Cairo Governorate、エジプト
- Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University
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参加基準
研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
いいえ
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Excessive gingival display >3 mm during maximal smiling (measured by UNC-15 periodontal probe)
- Age 18-45 years
- Either sex
- Ability to provide written informed consent
- Availability for all follow-up visits at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment
Exclusion Criteria:
- Chronic neurological diseases or blood coagulation disorders
- Pregnancy or lactation
- Immunological disease or current immunosuppressive drug therapy
- Known sensitivity or allergy to botulinum toxin or hyaluronic acid products
- Previous treatment for gummy smile within 12 months
- Extreme age (outside 18-45 range) or pediatric patients
研究計画
このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。
研究はどのように設計されていますか?
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的:処理
- 割り当て:ランダム化
- 介入モデル:並列代入
- マスキング:なし(オープンラベル)
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
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アクティブコンパレータ:BTX-A Group
Participants received bilateral injections of botulinum toxin type A (Refinex®; 5 IU per side) at the Yonsei point - the anatomical convergence of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN), levator labii superioris (LLS), and zygomaticus minor muscles - using an insulin syringe with a 30-gauge needle.
Total dose: 10 IU.
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5 International Units per side, bilateral injection at Yonsei point, single-session treatment
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アクティブコンパレータ:HA Myomodulation Group
Participants received cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler (Juvéderm Voluma® with lidocaine; 20 mg/mL; VYCROSS technology) administered as five periosteal deposits of 0.2 mL each (total 1.0 mL) at: piriform fossa and anterior nasal spine bilaterally, and base of nose, using a 27-gauge needle.
Negative aspiration confirmed before each injection.
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20 mg/mL cross-linked HA, total 1.0 mL per patient, five periosteal injection sites; VYCROSS technology
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この研究は何を測定していますか?
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Maximum Gingival Display
時間枠:Baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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Maximum gingival display (mm) measured from the lower border of the upper lip to the free gingival margin at the right central incisor during standardised maximal smiling, using a UNC-15 periodontal probe.
Three consecutive measurements taken and averaged by the same operator.
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Baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Overall Smile Satisfaction
時間枠:Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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Patient-reported overall smile satisfaction on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (0=completely dissatisfied, 10=completely satisfied)
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Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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Gingival Display Satisfaction
時間枠:Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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Patient-reported gingival display satisfaction scored on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (0 = completely dissatisfied, 10 = completely satisfied)
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Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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Psychosocial Impact and Treatment Satisfaction
時間枠:Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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12-item Likert-scale questionnaire assessing aesthetic self-perception, social smiling behaviour, and treatment endorsement including willingness to repeat and recommend the procedure
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Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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Adverse Events
時間枠:1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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Monitoring for injection-site reactions, lip asymmetry, bruising, swelling, or other treatment-related adverse events at all follow-up visits
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1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
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研究記録日
これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
2025年1月1日
一次修了 (実際)
2026年2月28日
研究の完了 (実際)
2026年2月28日
試験登録日
最初に提出
2026年7月15日
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
2026年7月15日
最初の投稿 (実際)
2026年7月20日
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
2026年7月21日
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
2026年7月17日
最終確認日
2026年7月1日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
追加の関連 MeSH 用語
その他の研究ID番号
- P-ME-25-02
個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画
個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
いいえ
医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書
米国FDA規制医薬品の研究
いいえ
米国FDA規制機器製品の研究
いいえ
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Botulinum Toxin Type A (Refinex®)の臨床試験
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University of NebraskaInCor Heart Institute; VU University of Amsterdam完了