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Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Filler Myomodulation for Non-Surgical Management of Excessive Gingival Display

17 de julio de 2026 actualizado por: Nada Mahmoud Al-Aboud, Al-Azhar University

A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficiency and Patient Satisfaction of Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Filler in the Management of Excessive Gingival Display

This randomized controlled trial compared the clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction of two non-surgical treatments for excessive gingival display (gummy smile): botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) filler myomodulation. Excessive gingival display is defined as exposure of 3 mm or more of gingival tissue during maximal smiling. It affects approximately 14% of women and 7% of men and is associated with reduced self-confidence, smile suppression in social settings, and impaired quality of life. When caused by hyperactivity of the upper lip elevator muscles, it can be treated without surgery using injectable therapies. Twenty patients (18 females, 2 males; age 18-45 years) with excessive gingival display greater than 3 mm were randomly allocated 1:1 to one of two groups. Group A (n=10) received bilateral injections of botulinum toxin type A (Refinex; 5 IU per side) at the Yonsei point. Group B (n=10) received cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler (Juvederm Voluma with lidocaine; 1.0 mL total) injected at six periosteal sites around the nose and upper lip using a myomodulation technique. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The primary outcome was maximum gingival display measured in millimeters using a calibrated periodontal probe. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction measured by Visual Analog Scale and a 12-item questionnaire, and adverse event monitoring. Both treatments produced equivalent gingival display reductions at one month (BTX-A: 69.6%; HA: 63.0%). At six months, the HA group maintained a statistically significant 26.4% improvement while the BTX-A group showed near-complete relapse. Despite this, BTX-A patients reported higher categorical satisfaction. Both treatments had excellent safety profiles.

Descripción general del estudio

Descripción detallada

Study Design: Prospective, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Oral Diagnosis Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Ethics: Approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University (Code: P-ME-25-02). All participants provided written informed consent. Study conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Randomization: Performed using the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trial Randomization Tool (https://ctrandomization.cancer.gov/), Maximal procedure, Maximum Tolerated Imbalance = 3, allocation ratio 1:1. Group A - BTX-A: Refinex (botulinum toxin type A), 5 IU per side, bilateral injection at the Yonsei point (convergence of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, and zygomaticus minor muscles), single session, 30-gauge needle. Group B - HA Myomodulation: Juvederm Voluma with lidocaine (20 mg/mL cross-linked hyaluronic acid, VYCROSS technology), total 1.0 mL per patient, six periosteal deposits of 0.2 mL each at the piriform fossa bilaterally, anterior nasal spine, and nasal base bilaterally, 27-gauge needle. Negative aspiration confirmed before each injection. Outcome Measurement: Maximum gingival display measured by UNC-15 periodontal probe (three consecutive measurements averaged) at baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3). Patient satisfaction by Visual Analog Scale (0-10 cm) for overall smile and gingival display satisfaction. Psychosocial impact by 12-item Likert questionnaire. Adverse event monitoring at all follow-up visits. Standardized digital photography at each time point (Nikon D5600, 105mm macro lens). Statistics: SPSS v26.0. Independent-samples t-test for between-group comparisons. Paired-samples t-test for within-group comparisons. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests for categorical data. Pearson correlation for associations between gingival display reduction and satisfaction. Significance at p less than 0.05.

Tipo de estudio

Intervencionista

Inscripción (Actual)

20

Fase

  • No aplica

Contactos y Ubicaciones

Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.

Ubicaciones de estudio

    • Cairo Governorate
      • Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egipto
        • Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University

Criterios de participación

Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.

Criterio de elegibilidad

Edades elegibles para estudiar

  • Adulto

Acepta Voluntarios Saludables

No

Descripción

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Excessive gingival display >3 mm during maximal smiling (measured by UNC-15 periodontal probe)
  2. Age 18-45 years
  3. Either sex
  4. Ability to provide written informed consent
  5. Availability for all follow-up visits at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Chronic neurological diseases or blood coagulation disorders
  2. Pregnancy or lactation
  3. Immunological disease or current immunosuppressive drug therapy
  4. Known sensitivity or allergy to botulinum toxin or hyaluronic acid products
  5. Previous treatment for gummy smile within 12 months
  6. Extreme age (outside 18-45 range) or pediatric patients

Plan de estudios

Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.

¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?

Detalles de diseño

  • Propósito principal: Tratamiento
  • Asignación: Aleatorizado
  • Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
  • Enmascaramiento: Ninguno (etiqueta abierta)

Armas e Intervenciones

Grupo de participantes/brazo
Intervención / Tratamiento
Comparador activo: BTX-A Group
Participants received bilateral injections of botulinum toxin type A (Refinex®; 5 IU per side) at the Yonsei point - the anatomical convergence of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN), levator labii superioris (LLS), and zygomaticus minor muscles - using an insulin syringe with a 30-gauge needle. Total dose: 10 IU.
5 International Units per side, bilateral injection at Yonsei point, single-session treatment
Comparador activo: HA Myomodulation Group
Participants received cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler (Juvéderm Voluma® with lidocaine; 20 mg/mL; VYCROSS technology) administered as five periosteal deposits of 0.2 mL each (total 1.0 mL) at: piriform fossa and anterior nasal spine bilaterally, and base of nose, using a 27-gauge needle. Negative aspiration confirmed before each injection.
20 mg/mL cross-linked HA, total 1.0 mL per patient, five periosteal injection sites; VYCROSS technology

¿Qué mide el estudio?

Medidas de resultado primarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Maximum Gingival Display
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3) post-treatment
Maximum gingival display (mm) measured from the lower border of the upper lip to the free gingival margin at the right central incisor during standardised maximal smiling, using a UNC-15 periodontal probe. Three consecutive measurements taken and averaged by the same operator.
Baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3) post-treatment

Medidas de resultado secundarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Overall Smile Satisfaction
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
Patient-reported overall smile satisfaction on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (0=completely dissatisfied, 10=completely satisfied)
Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
Gingival Display Satisfaction
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
Patient-reported gingival display satisfaction scored on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (0 = completely dissatisfied, 10 = completely satisfied)
Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
Psychosocial Impact and Treatment Satisfaction
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
12-item Likert-scale questionnaire assessing aesthetic self-perception, social smiling behaviour, and treatment endorsement including willingness to repeat and recommend the procedure
Baseline (T0) and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
Adverse Events
Periodo de tiempo: 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-treatment
Monitoring for injection-site reactions, lip asymmetry, bruising, swelling, or other treatment-related adverse events at all follow-up visits
1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-treatment

Colaboradores e Investigadores

Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.

Patrocinador

Fechas de registro del estudio

Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados ​​por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.

Fechas importantes del estudio

Inicio del estudio (Actual)

1 de enero de 2025

Finalización primaria (Actual)

28 de febrero de 2026

Finalización del estudio (Actual)

28 de febrero de 2026

Fechas de registro del estudio

Enviado por primera vez

15 de julio de 2026

Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

15 de julio de 2026

Publicado por primera vez (Actual)

20 de julio de 2026

Actualizaciones de registros de estudio

Última actualización publicada (Actual)

21 de julio de 2026

Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

17 de julio de 2026

Última verificación

1 de julio de 2026

Más información

Términos relacionados con este estudio

Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)

¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?

NO

Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio

Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .

Ensayos clínicos sobre Enfermedades gingivales

Ensayos clínicos sobre Botulinum Toxin Type A (Refinex®)

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