The Effects of Passive Simulated Jogging on Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in a Heterogeneous Group of Human Subjects

Jose A Adams, Shivam Patel, Jose R Lopez, Marvin A Sackner, Jose A Adams, Shivam Patel, Jose R Lopez, Marvin A Sackner

Abstract

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects neural balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous systems (ANS). Reduced HRV occurs in several chronic diseases and physical inactivity. External addition of pulses to the circulation restores HRV. A new method to add pulses to the circulation can be accomplished with a passive simulated jogging device (JD). We hypothesized that application of JD might increase HRV in seated and supine postures in a heterogeneous group of volunteer subjects.

Methods: Twenty ambulatory persons (age range 31-88) were recruited. The physical activity intervention (JD) moved the feet in a repetitive and alternating manner; upward movement of the pedal is followed by a downward movement of the forefoot tapping against a semirigid bumper to simulate tapping of feet against the ground during jogging. Each subject underwent four, 30 min sessions in seated and supine postures with the active JD and same with Sham. HRV was assessed at baseline (BL), and Recovery (REC) from analysis of an electrocardiogram. Time domain variables were computed, namely, standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD). Frequency domain measures were determined using a standard Fast Fourier spectral analysis, as well as parameters of Poincaré plots.

Results: Thirty minutes of JD significantly increased time domain measures and Poincaré parameters of HRV in both seated and supine postures. Frequency domain parameters showed no change. The effects of JD on HRV measures were not affected by age, gender, or posture.

Conclusion: The passive simulated jogging device increased HRV in both seated and supine postures. This intervention that provided effortless physical activity is a novel method to harness the beneficial effects of increasing HRV.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Photographs of the passive simulated jogging device. The photograph depicts a close-up of the feet of a seated subject upon the pedals of the passive simulated jogging device (JD). Bottom panel depicts a subject in supine posture with feet on the JD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of JD on Linear Parameters of HRV. The effects of JD on SDNN and RMSSD (linear parameters of HRV) in Seated (a, b) and Supine (c, d) Postures. JD significantly increased SDNN and RMSSD in both seated and supine postures. †† p < 0.05 BL vs. REC, ∗ Sham vs. JD, aSeated vs. Supine (MEAN±SEM).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of JD on Poincaré Parameters of HRV. The effects of JD on SD1 and SD2 (Poincaré parameters of HRV) in Seated (a,b) and Supine (c,d) postures. JD significantly increased SD1 and SD2 in both seated and supine postures. †† p < 0.05 BL vs. REC, ∗ Sham vs. JD, aSeated vs. Supine. (MEAN±SEM).

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