Skin Tissue Engineering: Application of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Agnes S Klar, Jakub Zimoch, Thomas Biedermann, Agnes S Klar, Jakub Zimoch, Thomas Biedermann

Abstract

Perception of the adipose tissue has changed dramatically over the last few decades. Identification of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) ultimately transformed paradigm of this tissue from a passive energy depot into a promising stem cell source with properties of self-renewal and multipotential differentiation. As compared to bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs), ASCs are more easily accessible and their isolation yields higher amount of stem cells. Therefore, the ASCs are of high interest for stem cell-based therapies and skin tissue engineering. Currently, freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which may be used directly without any expansion, was also assessed to be highly effective in treating skin radiation injuries, burns, or nonhealing wounds such as diabetic ulcers. In this paper, we review the characteristics of SVF and ASCs and the efficacy of their treatment for skin injuries and disorders.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Development of a three-dimensional prevascularized dermo-epidermal skin substitute. Primary cells including epidermal keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and endothelial cells can be isolated from a single skin biopsy. Dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells are embedded into a collagen type 1 hydrogel to create a prevascularized dermal compartment. After they remodeled the collagen matrix, keratinocytes and melanocytes are then seeded onto it to create a pigmented epidermal layer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Examples of clinical application of autologous fat and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Freshly isolated lipoaspirate is processed to obtain a fat graft. This can be applied to patients suffering, for example, from facial asymmetry, radiated defects, or traumatic wounds. The fat graft can be further enriched by adding freshly isolated SVF or cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs).

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Source: PubMed

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