The Root Membrane Technique: Human Histologic Evidence after Five Years of Function

Miltiadis E Mitsias, Konstantinos D Siormpas, Georgios A Kotsakis, Scott D Ganz, Carlo Mangano, Giovanna Iezzi, Miltiadis E Mitsias, Konstantinos D Siormpas, Georgios A Kotsakis, Scott D Ganz, Carlo Mangano, Giovanna Iezzi

Abstract

Background: The "root membrane" (RM) is a technique that has become popular among implantologists for placement of immediate implants in the anterior maxilla.

Purpose: To present histologic evidence of an immediate implant placed in the human anterior maxilla, according to the RM technique, and retrieved after five years.

Methods: A fixture, along with the surrounding tissues, was retrieved from the anterior maxilla of a 68-year-old patient, who had been treated five years earlier with immediate implant placement and RM technique. The specimen was processed for histologic/histomorphometric evaluation.

Results: The buccal bone plate was maintained without any resorption; a healthy periodontal ligament was evidenced. The implant showed osseointegration, with a high percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC = 76.2%). With regard to the space between the RM and the implant, the apical and medial thirds were filled with compact, mature bone; the coronal third was colonized by noninfiltrated connective tissue.

Conclusions: The RM technique appears to be effective in preventing bone resorption of the buccal bone plate of the human anterior maxilla, five years after the placement of an immediate implant.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trabecular, mature bone at the interface of the implant was observed. The bone was present between the implant and the root. The root membrane and the buccal bone plate appeared intact without any signs of resorption. Acid fuchsin-toluidine blue 12x.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Compact bone in the medial thirds and apical portion of the implant were evident. No gaps were present at the interface. Acid fuchsin-toluidine blue 40x.
Figure 3
Figure 3
In the coronal portion, between the root and the implant, connective tissue without inflammatory infiltrate was present. Acid fuchsin-toluidine blue 40x.
Figure 4
Figure 4
In the apical portion of the root, it was observed that the cementum migrated from the residual root to the implant surface. Acid fuchsin-toluidine blue 40x.

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