Growth abnormalities in children with type 1 diabetes, juvenile chronic arthritis, and asthma

Cosimo Giannini, Angelika Mohn, Francesco Chiarelli, Cosimo Giannini, Angelika Mohn, Francesco Chiarelli

Abstract

Children and adolescents with chronic diseases are commonly affected by a variable degree of growth failure, leading to an impaired final height. Of note, the peculiar onset during childhood and adolescence of some chronic diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and asthma, underlines the relevant role of healthcare planners and providers in detecting and preventing growth abnormalities in these high risk populations. In this review article, the most relevant common and disease-specific mechanisms by which these major chronic diseases affect growth in youth are analyzed. In addition, the available and potential targeting strategies to restore the physiological, hormonal, and inflammatory pattern are described.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Common factors contributing to growth failure in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and asthma. GH: growth factor; IGFs: insulin-like growth factors; IGFBPs: insulin-like growth factor binding proteins; IL-1 β: interleukin-1β; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; FGF: fibroblast growth factor.

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