Combining stereotactic body radiotherapy with camrelizumab for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-arm trial

Jian-Xu Li, Ting-Shi Su, Wen-Feng Gong, Jian-Hong Zhong, Liu-Ying Yan, Jie Zhang, Li-Qing Li, Mei-Ling He, Rui-Jun Zhang, You-Qin Du, Xiao-Ting Wang, Shi-Xiong Liang, Bang-De Xiang, Jian-Xu Li, Ting-Shi Su, Wen-Feng Gong, Jian-Hong Zhong, Liu-Ying Yan, Jie Zhang, Li-Qing Li, Mei-Ling He, Rui-Jun Zhang, You-Qin Du, Xiao-Ting Wang, Shi-Xiong Liang, Bang-De Xiang

Abstract

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may have significant immunomodulatory effects that enhance tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This phase 2 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining palliative SBRT with camrelizumab (an anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).

Methods: Patients with uHCC, Child-Pugh A/B liver function, and at least one measurable lesion were enrolled between April 2020 and August 2022. Patients were administered 200 mg camrelizumab intravenously from the first day of palliative SBRT and then every 3 weeks. Palliative SBRT was delivered daily over five fractions per week, with a dose range of 30-50 Gy. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and safety. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04193696).

Results: Twenty-one patients were enrolled; the median radiation dose was 40 Gy, and the median number of cycles of camrelizumab was five. The ORR was 52.4%. After a median follow-up of 19.7 months, the median progression-free and overall survival were 5.8 and 14.2 months, respectively. The overall survival probability was 85.7% at 6 months, 76.2% at 9 months, and 59.9% at 12 months. All grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in five patients (23.8%) and were manageable. No grade 4/5 TRAEs were observed.

Conclusion: Palliative SBRT plus camrelizumab showed promising antitumor activity against uHCC. Toxicities were manageable with no unexpected safety issues. This study provides evidence of a new therapeutic method for the treatment of uHCC.

Keywords: Anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody; Camrelizumab; Clinical trial; Efficacy; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Objective response rate; Palliative; Safety; Stereotactic body radiotherapy; Unresectable.

Conflict of interest statement

Jian-Xu Li, Ting-Shi Su, Wen-Feng Gong, Jian‑Hong Zhong, Liu-Ying Yan, Jie Zhang, Li‑Qing Li, Mei-Ling He, Rui-Jun Zhang, You-Qin Du, Xiao-Ting Wang, Shi-Xiong Liang, and Bang-De Xiang have no conflict of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Patient selection flow. HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, ICC intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Kaplan–Meier analysis of overall and progression-free survival. a Overall and b progression-free survival for all patients, c overall and d progression-free survival for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C disease
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Best percentage change from baseline in sums of diameters of target lesions by RECIST 1.1 (a) and mRECIST (b). CR complete response, PR partial response, SD stable disease, PD progressive disease

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