Evaluating Mobile Apps and Biosensing Devices to Monitor Physical Activity and Respiratory Function in Smokers With and Without Respiratory Symptoms or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept, Open-Label, Feasibility Study

Almaz Sharman, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Dana Sharman, Irina Kim, Almaz Sharman, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Dana Sharman, Irina Kim

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem, and continuous monitoring is essential for both its management as well as the management of other chronic diseases. Telemonitoring using mobile health (mHealth) devices has the potential to promote self-management, improve control, increase quality of life, and prevent hospital admissions.

Objective: This study aims to demonstrate whether a large-scale study assessing the use of mHealth devices to improve the treatment, assessment, compliance, and outcomes of chronic diseases, particularly COPD and cardio-metabolic syndrome, is feasible. This will allow our team to select the appropriate design and characteristics for our large-scale study.

Methods: A total of 3 cohorts, with 9 participants in each, will use mHealth devices for 90 days while undergoing the current standard of care. These groups are: 9 "non-COPD," otherwise healthy, smokers; 9 "grey zone" smokers (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/ forced vital capacity ≥0.70 after bronchodilator treatment; COPD Assessment Test ≥10); and 9 smokers diagnosed with Stage 1-3 COPD. Rates of recruitment, retention, and adherence will be measured. Overall, two mHealth devices will be utilized in the study: the AnaMed Original Equipment Manufacturer device (measures distance, energy expenditure, heart rate, and heart rate variability) and the Air Next mobile spirometry device. The mHealth devices will be compared against industry standards. Additionally, a questionnaire will be administered to assess the participants' perceptions of the mHealth technologies used.

Results: The inclusion of participants started in June 2019. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Conclusions: This study will demonstrate whether a large-scale study to assess the use of mHealth devices to improve the treatment, assessment, compliance, and outcomes of chronic diseases, particularly COPD and cardio-metabolic syndrome, is feasible. It will also allow the research team to select the appropriate design and characteristics for the large-scale study.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04081961; https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT04081961.

International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/16461.

Keywords: COPD; feasibility study; mHealth; mobile health apps; smokers.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

©Almaz Sharman, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Dana Sharman, Irina Kim. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 26.03.2020.

References

    1. Forouzanfar Mh, Afshin A, Alexander Lt, Anderson Hr, Bhutta Za, Biryukov S, Brauer M, Burnett R, Cercy K, Charlson Fj, Cohen Aj, Dandona L, Estep K, Ferrari Aj, Frostad Jj, Fullman N, Gething Pw, Godwin Ww, Griswold M, Hay Si, Kinfu Y, Kyu Hh, Larson Hj, Liang X, Lim Ss, Liu Py, Lopez Ad, Lozano R, Marczak L, Mensah Ga, Mokdad Ah, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Neal B, Reitsma Mb, Roth Ga, Salomon Ja, Sur Pj, Vos T, Wagner Ja, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Aasvang Gm, Abajobir Aa, Abate Kh, Abbafati C, Abbas Km, Abd-Allah F, Abdulle Am, Abera Sf, Abraham B, Abu-Raddad Lj, Abyu Gy, Adebiyi Ao, Adedeji Ia, Ademi Z, Adou Ak, Adsuar Jc, Agardh Ee, Agarwal A, Agrawal A, Kiadaliri Aa, Ajala On, Akinyemiju Tf, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam Nkm, Aldhahri Sf, Aldridge Rw, Alemu Za, Ali R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Alsharif U, Altirkawi Ka, Martin Ea, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare At, Amberbir A, Amegah Ak, Amini H, Ammar W, Amrock Sm, Andersen Hh, Anderson Bo, Antonio Cat, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Asghar Rj, Assadi R, Atique S, Avokpaho Efga, Awasthi A, Quintanilla Bpa, Azzopardi P, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bahit Mc, Balakrishnan K, Barac A, Barber Rm, Barker-Collo Sl, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero Lh, Basu S, Batis C, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Bell B, Bell Ml, Bello Ak, Bennett Da, Bensenor Im, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu Bd, Beyene As, Bhala N, Bhansali A, Bhatt S, Biadgilign S, Bikbov B, Bisanzio D, Bjertness E, Blore Jd, Borschmann R, Boufous S, Bourne Rra, Brainin M, Brazinova A, Breitborde Njk, Brenner H, Broday Dm, Brugha Ts, Brunekreef B, Butt Za, Cahill Le, Calabria B, Campos-Nonato Ir, Cárdenas R, Carpenter Do, Carrero Jj, Casey Dc, Castañeda-Orjuela Ca, Rivas Jc, Castro Re, Catalá-López F, Chang J, Chiang Pp, Chibalabala M, Chimed-Ochir O, Chisumpa Vh, Chitheer Aa, Choi Jj, Christensen H, Christopher Dj, Ciobanu Lg, Coates Mm, Colquhoun Sm, Manzano Agc, Cooper Lt, Cooperrider K, Cornaby L, Cortinovis M, Crump Ja, Cuevas-Nasu L, Damasceno A, Dandona R, Darby Sc, Dargan Pi, das Neves J, Davis Ac, Davletov K, de Castro Ef, De la Cruz-Góngora V, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Del Gobbo Lc, del Pozo-Cruz B, Dellavalle Rp, Deribew A, Jarlais Dcd, Dharmaratne Sd, Dhillon Pk, Diaz-Torné C, Dicker D, Ding El, Dorsey Er, Doyle Ke, Driscoll Tr, Duan L, Dubey M, Duncan Bb, Elyazar I, Endries Ay, Ermakov Sp, Erskine He, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Fahimi S, Faraon Eja, Farid Ta, Farinha Cses, Faro A, Farvid Ms, Farzadfar F, Feigin Vl, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes Jg, Fischer F, Fitchett Jra, Fleming T, Foigt N, Foreman K, Fowkes Fgr, Franklin Rc, Fürst T, Futran Nd, Gakidou E, Garcia-Basteiro Al, Gebrehiwot Tt, Gebremedhin At, Geleijnse Jm, Gessner Bd, Giref Az, Giroud M, Gishu Md, Giussani G, Goenka S, Gomez-Cabrera Mc, Gomez-Dantes H, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani Sv, Gotay Cc, Goto A, Gouda Hn, Gugnani Hc, Guillemin F, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gutiérrez Ra, Haagsma Ja, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haile D, Hailu Gb, Halasa Ya, Hamadeh Rr, Hamidi S, Handal Aj, Hankey Gj, Hao Y, Harb Hl, Harikrishnan S, Haro Jm, Hassanvand Ms, Hassen Ta, Havmoeller R, Heredia-Pi Ib, Hernández-Llanes Nf, Heydarpour P, Hoek Hw, Hoffman Hj, Horino M, Horita N, Hosgood Hd, Hoy Dg, Hsairi M, Htet As, Hu G, Huang Jj, Husseini A, Hutchings Sj, Huybrechts I, Iburg Km, Idrisov Bt, Ileanu Bv, Inoue M, Jacobs Ta, Jacobsen Kh, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic Mb, Jansen Hafm, Jassal Sk, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman Sp, Jayatilleke Au, Jee Sh, Jeemon P, Jha V, Jiang Y, Jibat T, Jin Y, Johnson Co, Jonas Jb, Kabir Z, Kalkonde Y, Kamal R, Kan H, Karch A, Karema Ck, Karimkhani C, Kasaeian A, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazi Ds, Keiyoro Pn, Kemmer L, Kemp Ah, Kengne Ap, Keren A, Kesavachandran Cn, Khader Ys, Khan Ar, Khan Ea, Khan G, Khang Y, Khatibzadeh S, Khera S, Khoja Tam, Khubchandani J, Kieling C, Kim C, Kim D, Kimokoti Rw, Kissoon N, Kivipelto M, Knibbs Ld, Kokubo Y, Kopec Ja, Koul Pa, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Kromhout H, Krueger H, Ku T, Defo Bk, Kuchenbecker Rs, Bicer Bk, Kuipers Ej, Kumar Ga, Kwan Gf, Lal Dk, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lan Q, Larsson A, Latif Aa, Lawrynowicz Aeb, Leasher Jl, Leigh J, Leung J, Levi M, Li X, Li Y, Liang J, Liu S, Lloyd Bk, Logroscino G, Lotufo Pa, Lunevicius R, MacIntyre M, Mahdavi M, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta Dc, Manamo Waa, Mapoma Cc, Marcenes W, Martin Rv, Martinez-Raga J, Masiye F, Matsushita K, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi Bm, McGrath Jj, McKee M, Meaney Pa, Medina C, Mehari A, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Mekonnen Ab, Melaku Ya, Memish Za, Mendoza W, Mensink Gbm, Meretoja A, Meretoja Tj, Mesfin Ym, Mhimbira Fa, Millear A, Miller Tr, Mills Ej, Mirarefin M, Misganaw A, Mock Cn, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Mola Gld, Monasta L, Hernandez Jcm, Montico M, Morawska L, Mori R, Mozaffarian D, Mueller Uo, Mullany E, Mumford Je, Murthy Gvs, Nachega Jb, Naheed A, Nangia V, Nassiri N, Newton Jn, Ng M, Nguyen Ql, Nisar Mi, Pete Pmn, Norheim Of, Norman Re, Norrving B, Nyakarahuka L, Obermeyer Cm, Ogbo Fa, Oh I, Oladimeji O, Olivares Pr, Olsen H, Olusanya Bo, Olusanya Jo, Opio Jn, Oren E, Orozco R, Ortiz A, Ota E, Pa M, Pana A, Park E, Parry Cd, Parsaeian M, Patel T, Caicedo Ajp, Patil St, Patten Sb, Patton Gc, Pearce N, Pereira Dm, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Phillips Mr, Piel Fb, Pillay Jd, Plass D, Polinder S, Pond Cd, Pope Ca, Pope D, Popova S, Poulton Rg, Pourmalek F, Prasad Nm, Qorbani M, Rabiee Rhs, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman Mhu, Rahman Su, Rai Rk, Rajsic S, Raju M, Ram U, Rana Sm, Ranganathan K, Rao P, García Car, Refaat Ah, Rehm Cd, Rehm J, Reinig N, Remuzzi G. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016 Oct;388(10053):1659–1724. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8.
    1. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn Sy, AlMazroa Ma, Alvarado M, Anderson Hr, Anderson Lm, Andrews Kg, Atkinson C, Baddour Lm, Barker-Collo S, Bartels Dh, Bell Ml, Benjamin Ej, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Abdulhak Ab, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh Ss, Coffeng Le, Colan Sd, Colquhoun S, Colson Ke, Condon J, Connor Md, Cooper Lt, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro Kc, Couser W, Cowie Bc, Criqui Mh, Cross M, Dabhadkar Kc, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais Dc, Dharmaratne Sd, Dorsey Er, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin Pj, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman Ad, Forouzanfar Mh, Fowkes Fgr, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman Mk, Gabriel Se, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum Rf, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa Ya, Haring D, Harrison Je, Havmoeller R, Hay Rj, Hoen B, Hotez Pj, Hoy D, Jacobsen Kh, James Sl, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo J, Knowlton Lm, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz Se, Ohno Sl, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre Mf, Mallinger L, March L, Marks Gb, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi Bm, McAnulty Jh, McDermott Mm, McGrath J, Memish Za, Mensah Ga, Merriman Tr, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller Tr, Mock C, Mocumbi Ao, Mokdad Aa, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair Mn, Naldi L, Narayan Kmv, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer Sb, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian Jd, Rivero Ap, Padilla Rp, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope Ca, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm Jt, Rein Db, Remuzzi G, Rivara Fp, Roberts T, De León Fr, Rosenfeld Lc, Rushton L, Sacco Rl, Salomon Ja, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel Dc, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard Ds, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor Ja, Thomas B, Tleyjeh Im, Towbin Ja, Truelsen T, Undurraga Ea, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner Gr, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock Ma, Weintraub R, Wilkinson Jd, Woolf Ad, Wulf S, Yeh P, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng Z, Lopez Ad, Murray Cj. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. 2012 Dec;380(9859):2095–2128. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
    1. Friedlander AL, Lynch D, Dyar LA, Bowler RP. Phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD. 2007 Dec;4(4):355–84. doi: 10.1080/15412550701629663.
    1. Silverman EK. Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Do They Contribute to Disease Progression? Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 2007 Dec 01;4(8):586–590. doi: 10.1513/pats.200706-068th.
    1. Postma DS, Bush A, van den Berge M. Risk factors and early origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2015 Mar 07;385(9971):899–909. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60446-3.
    1. Woodruff PG, Barr RG, Bleecker E, Christenson SA, Couper D, Curtis JL, Gouskova NA, Hansel NN, Hoffman EA, Kanner RE, Kleerup E, Lazarus SC, Martinez FJ, Paine R, Rennard S, Tashkin DP, Han MK. Clinical Significance of Symptoms in Smokers with Preserved Pulmonary Function. N Engl J Med. 2016 May 12;374(19):1811–1821. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1505971.
    1. Regan Elizabeth A, Lynch D, Curran-Everett Douglas, Curtis Jeffrey L, Austin John H M, Grenier Philippe A, Kauczor Hans-Ulrich, Bailey William C, DeMeo Dawn L, Casaburi Richard H, Friedman Paul, Van Beek Edwin J R, Hokanson John E, Bowler Russell P, Beaty Terri H, Washko George R, Han MeiLan K, Kim Victor, Kim Song Soo, Yagihashi Kunihiro, Washington Lacey, McEvoy Charlene E, Tanner Clint, Mannino David M, Make Barry J, Silverman Edwin K, Crapo James D, Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) Investigators Clinical and Radiologic Disease in Smokers With Normal Spirometry. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Sep;175(9):1539–49. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.2735.
    1. Mohktar MS, Redmond SJ, Antoniades NC, Rochford PD, Pretto JJ, Basilakis J, Lovell NH, McDonald CF. Predicting the risk of exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using home telehealth measurement data. Artif Intell Med. 2015 Jan;63(1):51–9. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2014.12.003.
    1. Stroetmann K, Kubitschke L, Robinson S, Stroetmann V, Cullen K, McDaid D. World Health Organization Europe. 2010. [2020-01-28]. How can telehealth help in the provision of integrated care? .
    1. Rubio N, Parker RA, Drost EM, Pinnock H, Weir CJ, Hanley J, Mantoani LC, MacNee W, McKinstry B, Rabinovich RA. Home monitoring of breathing rate in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: observational study of feasibility, acceptability, and change after exacerbation. COPD. 2017 Apr;Volume 12:1221–1231. doi: 10.2147/copd.s120706.
    1. Liu L, Stroulia E, Nikolaidis I, Miguel-Cruz A, Rios Rincon A. Smart homes and home health monitoring technologies for older adults: A systematic review. Int J Med Inform. 2016 Jul;91:44–59. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.04.007.
    1. Himes BE, Weitzman ER. Innovations in health information technologies for chronic pulmonary diseases. Respir Res. 2016 Apr 05;17:38. doi: 10.1186/s12931-016-0354-3.
    1. Ho T, Huang C, Chiu H, Ruan S, Tsai Y, Yu C, Lai F, HINT Study Group Effectiveness of Telemonitoring in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Taiwan-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 31;6:23797. doi: 10.1038/srep23797. doi: 10.1038/srep23797.
    1. Pedone C, Chiurco D, Scarlata S, Incalzi RA. Efficacy of multiparametric telemonitoring on respiratory outcomes in elderly people with COPD: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013 Mar 06;13(1):82. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-82.
    1. Hernández Carme, Alonso A, Garcia-Aymerich J, Grimsmo A, Vontetsianos T, García Cuyàs Francesc, Altes Anna Garcia, Vogiatzis I, Garåsen Helge, Pellise L, Wienhofen L, Cano I, Meya M, Moharra Montserrat, Martinez Joan Ignasi, Escarrabill Juan, Roca Josep. Integrated care services: lessons learned from the deployment of the NEXES project. Int J Integr Care. 2015 Mar 31;15(1):e006. doi: 10.5334/ijic.2018.
    1. Blumenthal JA, Emery CF, Smith PJ, Keefe FJ, Welty-Wolf K, Mabe S, Martinu T, Johnson JJ, Babyak MA, O’Hayer VF, Diaz PT, Durheim M, Baucom D, Palmer SM. The Effects of a Telehealth Coping Skills Intervention on Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2014;76(8):581–592. doi: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000101.
    1. Nowiński A, Romański E, Bieleń P, Bednarek M, Puścińska E, Goljan-Geremek A, Pływaczewski R, Śliwinski P. Pilot program on distance training in spirometry testing — the technology feasibility study. Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2015 Nov 10;83(6):431–435. doi: 10.5603/piap.2015.0071.
    1. Nimmon L, Poureslami I, FitzGerald M. Telehealth Interventions for Management of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) and Asthma. Int J Health Inf Syst Inform. 2013;8(1):37–56. doi: 10.4018/jhisi.2013010103.
    1. Lundell S, Holmner �, Rehn B, Nyberg A, Wadell K. Telehealthcare in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis on physical outcomes and dyspnea. Respir Med. 2015 Jan;109(1):11–26. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.10.008.
    1. Cruz J, Brooks D, Marques A. Home telemonitoring effectiveness in COPD: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2014 Mar;68(3):369–78. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12345.
    1. Pinnock H, Hanley J, McCloughan L, Todd A, Krishan A, Lewis S, Stoddart A, van der Pol M, MacNee W, Sheikh A, Pagliari C, McKinstry B. Effectiveness of telemonitoring integrated into existing clinical services on hospital admission for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: researcher blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2013 Oct 17;347:f6070. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f6070.
    1. Bolton C, Waters C, Peirce S, Elwyn Glyn, EPSRCMRC Grand Challenge Team Insufficient evidence of benefit: a systematic review of home telemonitoring for COPD. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011 Dec;17(6):1216–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01536.x.
    1. Cartwright M, Hirani SP, Rixon L, Beynon M, Doll H, Bower P, Bardsley M, Steventon A, Knapp M, Henderson C, Rogers A, Sanders C, Fitzpatrick R, Barlow J, Newman SP, Whole Systems Demonstrator Evaluation Team Effect of telehealth on quality of life and psychological outcomes over 12 months (Whole Systems Demonstrator telehealth questionnaire study): nested study of patient reported outcomes in a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2013 Feb 26;346:f653. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f653.
    1. Kenealy TW, Parsons MJG, Rouse APB, Doughty RN, Sheridan NF, Hindmarsh JKH, Masson SC, Rea HH. Telecare for diabetes, CHF or COPD: effect on quality of life, hospital use and costs. A randomised controlled trial and qualitative evaluation. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0116188. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116188.
    1. Sanchez-Morillo D, Fernandez-Granero MA, Leon-Jimenez A. Use of predictive algorithms in-home monitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma: A systematic review. Chron Respir Dis. 2016 Aug;13(3):264–83. doi: 10.1177/1479972316642365.
    1. Tillis W, Bond WF, Svendsen J, Guither S. Implementation of Activity Sensor Equipment in the Homes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. Telemed J E Health. 2017 Nov;23(11):920–929. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0201.
    1. Wootton R. Twenty years of telemedicine in chronic disease management--an evidence synthesis. J Telemed Telecare. 2012 Jun;18(4):211–20. doi: 10.1258/jtt.2012.120219.
    1. Antoniades NC, Rochford PD, Pretto JJ, Pierce RJ, Gogler J, Steinkrug J, Sharpe K, McDonald CF. Pilot study of remote telemonitoring in COPD. Telemed J E Health. 2012 Oct;18(8):634–40. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2011.0231.
    1. Pradella CO, Belmonte GM, Maia MN, Delgado CS, Luise APT, Nascimento OA, Gazzotti MR, Jardim JR. Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Subjects With COPD: A Randomized Study. Respir Care. 2015 Apr;60(4):526–32. doi: 10.4187/respcare.02994.
    1. Ferguson GT, Enright PL, Buist AS, Higgins MW. Office spirometry for lung health assessment in adults: A consensus statement from the National Lung Health Education Program. Chest. 2000 Apr;117(4):1146–61. doi: 10.1378/chest.117.4.1146.
    1. Lee TA, Bartle B, Weiss KB. Spirometry use in clinical practice following diagnosis of COPD. Chest. 2006 Jun;129(6):1509–15. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.6.1509.
    1. Schermer TR, Jacobs J E, Chavannes N H, Hartman J, Folgering H T, Bottema B J, van Weel C. Validity of spirometric testing in a general practice population of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Thorax. 2003 Oct;58(10):861–6. doi: 10.1136/thorax.58.10.861.
    1. Wilt T, Niewoehner D, Kim C, Kane R L, Linabery A, Tacklind J, Macdonald R, Rutks I. Use of spirometry for case finding, diagnosis, and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ) 2005 Aug;(121):1–7. doi: 10.1037/e439492005-001.
    1. Chawla H, Bulathsinghala C, Tejada JP, Wakefield D, ZuWallack R. Physical Activity as a Predictor of Thirty-Day Hospital Readmission after a Discharge for a Clinical Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Annals ATS. 2014 Oct;11(8):1203–1209. doi: 10.1513/annalsats.201405-198oc.
    1. Finkelstein J, Knight A, Marinopoulos S, Gibbons MC, Berger Z, Aboumatar H, Wilson RF, Lau BD, Sharma R, Bass EB. Enabling Patient-Centered Care Through Health Information Technology. Rockville, Maryland, United States: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2012. Jun,
    1. Mandl KD, Kohane IS. Escaping the EHR trap--the future of health IT. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 14;366(24):2240–2. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1203102.
    1. Eggleston EM, Weitzman ER. Innovative uses of electronic health records and social media for public health surveillance. Curr Diab Rep. 2014 Mar;14(3):468. doi: 10.1007/s11892-013-0468-7.
    1. Vegesna A, Tran M, Angelaccio M, Arcona S. Remote Patient Monitoring via Non-Invasive Digital Technologies: A Systematic Review. Telemed J E Health. 2017 Jan;23(1):3–17. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0051.
    1. Sharman A, Zhussupov B, Sharman D, Kim I, Yerenchina E. Lung Function in Users of a Smoke-Free Electronic Device With HeatSticks (iQOS) Versus Smokers of Conventional Cigarettes: Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2018 Nov 05;7(11):e10006. doi: 10.2196/10006.
    1. National Institute for Health Research. 2019. Jun 18, [2020-01-28]. Guidance on applying for feasibility studies .
    1. US Department of Health and Human Services. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) Federal Drug Administration. 2013. Sep, [2020-02-17]. Guidance for Industry: Electronic Source Data in Clinical Investigations .

Source: PubMed

スポンサーと協力者

医学的状態

薬物療法

3
購読する