Predictors of Counseling Participation Among Low-Income People Offered an Integrated Intervention Targeting Financial Distress and Tobacco Use

Jacob Tempchin, Elizabeth Vargas, Scott Sherman, Erin Rogers, Jacob Tempchin, Elizabeth Vargas, Scott Sherman, Erin Rogers

Abstract

Introduction: Although prevalence of smoking in the USA has been decreasing for decades, smoking rates among low-income individuals remain elevated. Theories from behavioral economics and prior research suggest that financial stress may contribute to the difficulty that low-income smokers face in quitting. The present work is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that incorporated financial coaching and social services referrals into smoking cessation treatment. Primary analyses showed that participants randomized to the intervention (N = 208) were significantly more likely not to smoke, to have lower financial stress, and to be able to afford leisure activities (p < .05) than were control participants (N = 202).

Methods: This paper investigates subgroup discrepancies in attendance of intervention sessions and in uptake of various components of this intervention through exploratory analysis.

Results: Analysis using logistic regression indicated that decreased age, not having received higher education, and having income less than $1000 per month were predictive of decreased counseling attendance (p < .05). Few demographic factors were predictive of uptake of counseling components among those who attended counseling.

Conclusions: These results can guide future efforts to increase participant engagement in the intervention.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03187730.

Conflict of interest statement

Not applicable.

© 2022. Society for Prevention Research.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of participant enrollment and follow-up. Abbreviations: FPL federal poverty level, NYC New York City. aDuring the first 4 months of recruitment, people had to be born outside of the USA to be eligible. Enrollment to US-born smokers was opened in January 2018. bAn enrollment failure represents either a person who (1) was eligible but did not attend their consent appointment or (2) who was determined to not be a current smoker after enrollment

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