Potential usefulness of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT in detecting infected lower limb prostheses
Jing-Ren Tseng, Yu-Han Chang, Lan-Yan Yang, Chen-Te Wu, Szu-Yuan Chen, Chih-Hsing Wan, Ing-Tsung Hsiao, Tzu-Chen Yen, Jing-Ren Tseng, Yu-Han Chang, Lan-Yan Yang, Chen-Te Wu, Szu-Yuan Chen, Chih-Hsing Wan, Ing-Tsung Hsiao, Tzu-Chen Yen
Abstract
Background: Prosthetic joint infections may lead to failures of total joint arthroplasty. Radionuclide imaging can play a diagnostic role in identifying such infections, which require two-stage exchange arthroplasty (instead of simple revision surgery performed in non-infected cases). Although 18F-FDG PET/CT has emerged as a novel diagnostic tool in this setting, the clinical usefulness of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT has not been previously investigated. This single-center prospective study was designed to address this issue.
Methods: Between January 2016 and October 2017, we examined 34 patients with clinically proven or suspected prosthetic hip/knee joint infections scheduled to undergo surgery. All patients underwent 68Ga-citrate PET/CT scans and sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for comparative purposes. Intraoperative findings and the results of microbiological analyses of surgical specimens served as gold standard. The diagnostic results were examined according to (1) image interpretation based on radiotracer uptake patterns and (2) quantitative analysis using volumes of interest (VOIs) to calculate standard uptake values (SUVs) and metabolic volumes (MVs).
Results: A total of 26 (76%) patients were diagnosed as having infections. Based on radiotracer uptake pattern criteria, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 92%, 88%, and 91% and 100%, 38%, and 85%, respectively. MV was significantly higher in the infected group when 68Ga-citrate PET/CT was used (422.45 vs. 303.65 cm3, p = 0.027), whereas no significant differences were observed on 18F-FDG PET/CT. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cut-off value of 370.86 for MV resulted in a sensitivity of 61.5% and a specificity of 87.5% (area under curve: 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.57-0.88, p = 0.035).
Conclusions: Subject to future confirmation, our data provide preliminary evidence that 68Ga-citrate PET/CT may have a complimentary role to 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting prosthetic joint infections, being characterized by a higher specificity and the possibility to discriminate between an infectious condition and sterile inflammation.
Trial registration: This prospective study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration number: NCT02855190 ).
Keywords: 18F-FDG; 68Ga-citrate; PET/CT; Prosthetic joint infections.
Conflict of interest statement
Ethics approval and consent to participateThis prospective study was performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) at Linkou (approval number: 103-7266A).
The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) at Linkou.
Consent for publicationWritten informed consent was obtained for all participants.
Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Publisher’s NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Source: PubMed