Phase I study of oral ridaforolimus in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with solid tumor cancers

Abstract

Background: Ridaforolimus is a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that has activity in solid tumors. Paclitaxel and carboplatin have broad antineoplastic activity in many cancers. This phase I trial was conducted to determine the safety profile, maximal tolerated dose, and recommended phase II dose and schedule of oral ridaforolimus combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with solid tumor cancers.

Methods: Eligible patients with advanced solid tumor cancers received oral 10 to 30 mg ridaforolimus daily for 5 consecutive days per week combined with intravenous paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve [AUC] 5-6 mg/mL/min) in 3-week cycles. A standard 3 + 3 design was used to escalate doses, with predefined changes to an alternate dosing schedule and/or changes in carboplatin AUC doses based on dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Secondary information was collected regarding response and time to progression. Patients were continued on treatment if therapy was tolerated and if stable disease or better was demonstrated.

Results: Thirty-one patients were consented, 28 patients were screened, and 24 patients met eligibility requirements and received treatment. Two patients were replaced for events unrelated to drug-related toxicity, resulting in 22 DLT-evaluable patients. Two grade 4 DLTs due to neutropenia were observed at dose level 1. The next cohort was changed to a predefined alternate dosing schedule (days 1-5 and 8-12). DLTs were neutropenia, sepsis, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia. The most common adverse events were neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, alopecia, nausea, pain, and leukopenia. Twenty-four patients received a median of 4 cycles (range, 1-12). Evaluable patients for response (n = 18) demonstrated a median tumor measurement decrease of 25%. The best response in these 18 patients included 9 patients with partial response (50%), 6 with stable disease (33%), and 3 with progressive disease (17%). Thirteen of these patients received treatment for 4 or more cycles.

Conclusions: Treatment with ridaforolimus combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin had no unanticipated toxicities and showed antineoplastic activity. The recommended phase II dose and schedule is ridaforolimus 30 mg (days 1-5 and 8-12) plus day 1 paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5 mg/mL/min) on a 21-day cycle.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01256268 (trial registration date: December 1, 2010).

Keywords: Oral ridaforolimus; Paclitaxel and carboplatin combination; Phase 1 trial; Solid tumors.

Figures

Fig. 1

Best response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST), measured as maximum percent change of tumor RECIST measurements from baseline. Tumor type (and cohort) are denoted below each bar. Green denotes partial response, yellow denotes stable disease, and red denotes progressive disease. A, alternate dose schedule; CER, cervical; EM, endometrial; ESO, esophageal; MESO, mesothelial; OV, ovarian/fallopian/peritoneal; URE, urethral; VA, vaginal