Wound Healing and Omega-6 Fatty Acids: From Inflammation to Repair

Jéssica R Silva, Beatriz Burger, Carolina M C Kühl, Thamiris Candreva, Mariah B P Dos Anjos, Hosana G Rodrigues, Jéssica R Silva, Beatriz Burger, Carolina M C Kühl, Thamiris Candreva, Mariah B P Dos Anjos, Hosana G Rodrigues

Abstract

Wound healing is an evolutionarily conserved process that is essential for species survival. Wound healing involves a series of biochemical and cellular events that are tightly controlled, divided into 3 concomitant and overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Poor wound healing or a chronic wound represents a silent epidemic that affects billions of people worldwide. Considering the involvement of immune cells in its resolution, recent studies are focused on investigating the roles of immune nutrients such as amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids on wound healing. Among the fatty acids, much attention has been given to omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids since they can modulate cell migration and proliferation, phagocytic capacity, and production of inflammatory mediators. The present review summarizes current knowledge about the role of ω-6 fatty acids in the wound healing context.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Wound healing process. The illustration shows the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling phases of wound healing. Early stages of wound healing include coagulation and activation of inflammatory cells. The proliferative stage involves proliferation of fibroblasts and angiogenesis. The remodelling phase includes restoration of the barrier and contraction of the wound by myofibroblasts. The process is orchestrated by immune cells and growth factors and cytokines and chemokines (listed below) [8]. HF = hair follicle; BV = blood vessels; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; IL-1beta = interleucina 1beta; IL-6 = interleucina 6; ROS = reactive oxygen species; CXCL2 = chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2; IFN-gamma = interferon-gamma; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-beta = transforming growth factor beta; FGF = fibroblast growth factor; KGF = keratinocyte growth factor; MCP1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; IGF = insulin growth factor; TIMPs = tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; MMPs = matrix matalloproteinases; PDGF = platelet-derived growth factor; EGF = epithelial growth factor.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of linoleic acid (LA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), gamma linolenic acid (GLA), and arachidonic acid on wound healing phases.

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