The effect of the home environment on physical activity and dietary intake in preschool children

T Østbye, R Malhotra, M Stroo, C Lovelady, R Brouwer, N Zucker, B Fuemmeler, T Østbye, R Malhotra, M Stroo, C Lovelady, R Brouwer, N Zucker, B Fuemmeler

Abstract

Background: The effects of the home environment on child health behaviors related to obesity are unclear.

Purpose: To examine the role of the home physical activity (PA) and food environment on corresponding outcomes in young children, and assess maternal education/work status as a moderator.

Methods: Overweight or obese mothers reported on the home PA and food environment (accessibility, role modeling and parental policies). Outcomes included child moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sedentary time derived from accelerometer data and two dietary factors ('junk' and healthy food intake scores) based on factor analysis of mother-reported food intake. Linear regression models assessed the net effect (controlling for child demographics, study arm, supplemental time point, maternal education/work status, child body mass index and accelerometer wear time (for PA outcomes)) of the home environment on the outcomes and moderation by maternal education/work status. Data were collected in North Carolina from 2007 to 2011.

Results: Parental policies supporting PA increased MVPA time, and limiting access to unhealthy foods increased the healthy food intake score. Role modeling of healthy eating behaviors increased the healthy food intake score among children of mothers with no college education. Among children of mothers with no college education and not working, limiting access to unhealthy foods and role modeling reduced 'junk' food intake scores whereas parental policies supporting family meals increased 'junk' food intake scores.

Conclusions: To promote MVPA, parental policies supporting child PA are warranted. Limited access to unhealthy foods and role modeling of healthy eating may improve the quality of the child's food intake.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00563264.

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1. KAN-DO Study CONSORT flow diagram
Figure 1. KAN-DO Study CONSORT flow diagram
1PA= Physical Activity Study conducted in the Triangle and Triad regions of North Carolina, U.S.A. 2007–2011.
Figure 2. Association of three home food…
Figure 2. Association of three home food environment subscales, with “junk” food intake score, and of parental role modelling of healthy eating behaviors with healthy food intake score, by maternal education/work status (College & Not working [——], College & Working[– – –], No college & Working [ ] and No college & Not working [ ]
Note: Each graph reflects the score for a child of average age (57.6 months), male, Black, in the control arm, assessed at follow up 1, and with average scores on the two home food environment subscales not represented on the X-axis.

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