Prevalence of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Rural Island Town of Ama-cho, Japan

Kenji Wada-Isoe, Yusuke Uemura, Satoko Nakashita, Mika Yamawaki, Kenichiro Tanaka, Mikie Yamamoto, Hiroshi Shimokata, Kenji Nakashima, Kenji Wada-Isoe, Yusuke Uemura, Satoko Nakashita, Mika Yamawaki, Kenichiro Tanaka, Mikie Yamamoto, Hiroshi Shimokata, Kenji Nakashima

Abstract

Aims: In order to determine the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we conducted a population-based study in Japan.

Methods: Participants included 924 subjects aged 65 years or older who resided in the town of Ama-cho. In phase 1 of the study, the Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating were administered for screening purposes. In phase 2 of the study, the subjects who screened positive were further examined by neurologists. Dementia and MCI were diagnosed by means of DSM-IV and International Working Group on MCI criteria, respectively.

Results: By the prevalence date of June 1, 2010, 24 subjects had deceased or lived outside the town. In total, 723 of the remaining 900 subjects received a phase 1 test. In phase 2, 98 subjects were diagnosed with amnestic MCI, 113 subjects with non-amnestic MCI, and 82 subjects with dementia. Of the subjects who did not receive the phase 1 test, 66 subjects were diagnosed as having dementia according to data from their town medical card or the Long-term Care Insurance System. The crude prevalence of amnestic MCI, non-amnestic MCI, and dementia were 10.9, 12.6, and 16.4%, respectively.

Conclusion: Consistent with the striking increase in the number of elderly individuals, we report higher prevalence of MCI and dementia in Japan than previously described.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Dementia with Lewy bodies; Epidemiology; Mild cognitive impairment; Vascular dementia.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
General design of the door-to-door two-phase prevalence survey in Ama-cho. The number of subjects involved at each step is shown.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Severity of dementia subtypes.

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