Regulatory effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on skin health by improving intestinal condition

Abstract

Despite increasing research on the gut-skin axis, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the improvement of skin health through the regulation of the intestinal condition in humans. In this study, we investigated the benefits of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 (HY7714) consumption on skin health through its modulatory effects on the intestine and ensuing immune responses. HY7714 consumption led to differences in bacterial abundances from phylum to genus level, including increases in Actinobacteria followed by Bifidobacterium and a decrease in Proteobacteria. Additionally, HY7714 significantly ameliorated inflammation by reducing matrix metallopeptidases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), zonulin, and calprotectin in plasma, all of which are related to skin and intestinal permeability. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed its efficacy at restoring the integrity of the gut barrier by regulating gene expression associated with the extracellular matrix and immunity. This was evident by the upregulation of IGFBP5, SERPINE1, EFEMP1, COL6A3, and SEMA3B and downregulation of MT2A, MT1E, MT1X, MT1G, and MT1F between TNF- α and TNF- α plus HY7714 treated Caco-2 cells. These results propose the potential mechanistic role of HY7714 on skin health by the regulation of the gut condition.

Conflict of interest statement

The author have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Authors [BN, SAK, SDP, HJK, JSK, CHB, JYK, WN, JLL and JHS] are paid employees of Korea Yakult Co. Ltd. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare.

Figures

Fig 1. Flow chart of the study.

Fig 2. RNA-seq data and gene ontology analysis of TNF-α and TNF-α plus HY7714 treated Caco-2 cell.

(A) Volcano plot between TNF-α and TNF-α plus HY7714 treatment. FC (fold change) > 2 was accepted as differentially expressed; red: up-regulated and blue: down-regulated. DEGs are analyzed by GO terms. The number of categories in each GO (B), and the top 20 GO terms up regulated (C) and down regulated (D). Yellow, green, and black indicate genes that belongs to the molecular function, biological process, and cellular component categories. Terms were considered significant at p

Fig 3. Gut microbial composition in PPS groups before and after HY7714 consumption at 4 and 8 wk.

Sequence summary in fecal samples; the number of reads, operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and Shannon index of alpha diversity (A). Relative abundances of gut microbial composition at the phylum (B), family (C) and genus levels (D). Data are analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results are expressed as the Mean ± SEM. Asterisks (* and **) indicate a significant difference (p

Fig 4. Comparison of biomarker concentrations in plasma.

Changes in Zonulin(A), Calprotectin(B), MMP-2(C) and MMP-9(D) levels in plasma before and after HY7714 consumption over 8 wk. Data are analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results are expressed as Mean ± SEM. Asterisks (* and **) indicate a significant difference (p