The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and clinical outcomes among patients 1 year after hospitalization for cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Residing in lower socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined this association for cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in a treated population in New York City (NYC). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between neighborhood level poverty and 1-year clinical outcomes (rehospitalization and/or death) among hospitalized patients with CVD. Data on rehospitalization and/or death at 1-year were collected from consecutive patients admitted at a university medical center in NYC from November 2009 to September 2010. NYC residents totaled 2,198. U.S. Census 2000 zip code data was used to quantify neighborhood SES into quintiles of poverty (Q1 = lowest poverty to Q5 = highest poverty). Univariate analyses were used to determine associations between neighborhood poverty and baseline characteristics and comorbidities. A logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios for the association between quintiles of poverty and rehospitalization/death at 1 year. Fifty-five percent of participants experienced adverse outcomes. Participants in Q5 (9 %) were more likely to be female [odds ratio (OR) = 0.49, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.33-0.73], younger (OR = 0.50, 95 % CI 0.34-0.74), of minority race/ethnicity (OR = 18.24, 95 % CI 11.12-29.23), and have no health insurance (OR = 4.79, 95 % CI 2.92-7.50). Living in Q5 was significantly associated with increased comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus and hypertension, but was not a significant predictor of rehospitalization/death at 1 year. Among patients hospitalized with CVD, higher poverty neighborhood residence was significantly associated with a greater prevalence of comorbidities, but not of rehospitalization and/or death. Affordable, accessible resources targeted at reducing the risk of developing CVD and these comorbidities should be available in these communities.