The mediating/moderating role of cultural context factors on self-care practices among those living with diabetes in rural Appalachia

Brittany L Smalls, Adebola Adegboyega, Ellen Combs, Matthew Rutledge, Philip M Westgate, Md Tofial Azam, Felipe De La Barra, Lovoria B Williams, Nancy E Schoenberg, Brittany L Smalls, Adebola Adegboyega, Ellen Combs, Matthew Rutledge, Philip M Westgate, Md Tofial Azam, Felipe De La Barra, Lovoria B Williams, Nancy E Schoenberg

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to examine whether cultural factors, such as religiosity and social support, mediate/moderate the relationship between personal/psychosocial factors and T2DM self-care in a rural Appalachian community.

Methods: Regression models were utilized to assess for mediation and moderation. Multilevel linear mixed effects models and GEE-type logistic regression models were fit for continuous (social support, self-care) and binary (religiosity) outcomes, respectively.

Results: The results indicated that cultural context factors (religiosity and social support) can mediate/moderate the relationship between psychosocial factors and T2DM self-care. Specifically, after adjusting for demographic variables, the findings suggested that social support may moderate the effect of depressive symptoms and stress on self-care. Religiosity may moderate the effect of distress on self-care, and empowerment was a predictor of self-care but was not mediated/moderated by the assessed cultural context factors. When considering health status, religiosity was a moderately significant predictor of self-care and may mediate the relationship between perceived health status and T2DM self-care.

Conclusions: This study represents the first known research to examine cultural assets and diabetes self-care practices among a community-based sample of Appalachian adults. We echo calls to increase the evidence on social support and religiosity and other contextual factors among this highly affected population.

Trial registration: US National Library of Science identifier NCT03474731. Registered March 23, 2018, www.clinicaltrials.gov .

Keywords: Religiosity; Rural Appalachia; Self-care; Social support.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

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Fig. 1
Conceptual Model for Analysis Adapted from Biopsychosocial Model

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