MicroRNAs - Important Molecules in Lung Cancer Research

Petra Leidinger, Andreas Keller, Eckart Meese, Petra Leidinger, Andreas Keller, Eckart Meese

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are important regulators of gene expression. They are involved in many physiological processes ensuring the cellular homeostasis of human cells. Alterations of the miRNA expression have increasingly been associated with pathophysiologic changes of cancer cells making miRNAs currently to one of the most analyzed molecules in cancer research. Here, we provide an overview of miRNAs in lung cancer. Specifically, we address biological functions of miRNAs in lung cancer cells, miRNA signatures generated from tumor tissue and from patients' body fluids, the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer, and its role as therapeutic target.

Keywords: biomarker; blood; body fluids; diagnosis; lung cancer; microRNA; prognosis; therapy.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The impact of miRNA research on clinical oncology. Alterations in miRNA expression are associated with pathophysiological changes in cancer cells. As miRNA signatures from cancer tissue or patients’ body fluids differ from those of healthy individuals miRNA signatures may likely to contribute to improved early diagnosis or patients’ prognosis. Through altered expression single miRNAs may act as oncogene or they may loose their tumor suppressor properties. Those miRNAs could be utilized for anti-cancer therapy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Time points for the application of lung cancer specific miRNAs. Specific tumor-associated miRNA signatures might detect the tumor prior to CT. After cancer resection and/or therapy (radiotherapy or chemotherapy) miRNAs might help in therapy monitoring and prognosis. MiRNAs may also be used for anti-cancer therapy instead of or in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The timeline at the bottom of the Figure shows the growths rate of a lung tumor with several doubling rates (adapted from Bach et al., 2007).

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