Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase-Biomarkers of Stress in Children undergoing Extraction: An in vivo Study

Yogita Chaturvedi, Shefali Chaturvedy, Nikhil Marwah, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Swati Agarwal, Neha Agarwal, Yogita Chaturvedi, Shefali Chaturvedy, Nikhil Marwah, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Swati Agarwal, Neha Agarwal

Abstract

Aim: The anxiety of dental procedure evokes physiological response in the human body similar to fear. The level of cortisol and alpha-amylase in saliva can be considered as one of the major biomarkers of stress and anxiety. Our study was aimed to correlate the stress and anxiety with the levels of salivary cortisol (SC) and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) in patients undergoing routine dental extraction.

Materials and methods: The levels of SC and SAA were assessed pre- and postextraction in the salivary samples of 20 children.

Results: The values of cortisol and alpha-amylase showed a significant increase postextraction.

Conclusion: Salivary cortisol and SAA can be considered an important and noninvasive tool for assessment of anxiety, such as dental extraction, in children.

Clinical significance: Increase in the stress levels of a child in the dental operatory procedures like tooth extraction suggests the use of some behavior modification and shaping techniques by dentists to overcome the anxiety of the child before commencement of the procedure. This can aid in better cooperation of the child during treatment as well as helps in internal motivation toward future dental treatment.How to cite this article: Chaturvedi Y, Chaturvedy S, Marwah N, Chaturvedi S, Agarwal S, Agarwal N. Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase-Biomarkers of Stress in Children undergoing Extraction: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11(3):214-218.

Keywords: Saliva; Salivary alpha-amylase; Stress..

Conflict of interest statement

Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None

Figures

Fig. 1:
Fig. 1:
The new life Cortisol ELISA kit
Fig. 2:
Fig. 2:
Spinreact S.A/S.A.U CNPG3
Graph 1:
Graph 1:
Comparison between SAA pre- and postextraction
Graph 2:
Graph 2:
Comparison between SC pre- and postextraction
Graph 3:
Graph 3:
Pearson’s correlation between SAA and SC postextraction

References

    1. Bandura A. Psychological mechanisms of aggression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1979.
    1. Roykulcharoen V, Good M. Systematic relaxation to relieve postoperative pain. J Adv Nurs. 2000 Oct;48(2):140–148.
    1. Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen BS. The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocr Rev. 1986 Aug;7(3):284–301.
    1. Aardal E, Holm AC. Cortisol in saliva-reference ranges and relation to cortisol in serum. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1995 Dec;33(12):927–932.
    1. Sivakumar T, Hand AR, Mednieks M. Secretory proteins in the saliva of children. J Oral Sci. 2009 Dec;51(4):573–580.
    1. Chatterton RT, Vogelsong KM, Lu YC, Ellman AB, Hudgens GA. Salivary α-amylase as a measure of endogenous adrenergic activity. Clin Physiol. 1996 Jul;16(4):433–448.
    1. Baum BJ. Principles of salivary secretion. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Sep 20;694:17–23.
    1. Bosch JA, Geus JC, Veerman EC, Hoogstraten J, Amerongen AV. Innate secretory immunity in response to laboratory stressors that evoke distinct patterns of cardiac autonomic activity. Psychosom Med. 2003 Mar-Apr;65(2):245–258.
    1. Turner RJ, Sugiya H. Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion. Oral Dis. 2002 Jan;8(1):3–11.
    1. Takai N, Yamaguchi M, Aragaki T, Eto K, Uchihashi K, Nishikawa Y. Effect of psychological stress on the salivary cortisol and amylase levels in healthy young adults. Arch Oral Biol. 2004 Dec;49(12):963–968.
    1. Gordis EB, Granger DA, Susman EJ, Trickett PK. Asymmetry between salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity to stress: relation to aggressive behavior in adolescents. Psycho-neuroendocrinology. 2006 Sep;31(8):976–987.
    1. Sved AF, Cano G, Passerin AM, Rabin BS. The locus coeruleus, Barrington’s nucleus, and neural circuits of stress. Physiol Behav. 2002 Dec;77(4-5):737–742.
    1. Drummond PD. Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in complex regional pain syndrome. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2004 Mar;3(1):35–42.
    1. Janig W. The sympathetic nervous system in pain. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1995 May;10:53–60.
    1. Shirasaki S, Fujii H, Takahashi M, Sato T, Ebina M, Noto Y, Hirota K. Correlation between salivary—amylase activity and pain scale in patients with chronic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Mar-Apr;32(2):120–123.
    1. Arai YC, Matsubara T, Shimo K, Osuga T, Ushida T, Suzuki C, Ohta A, Tohyama Y, Nishida K, Arakawa M. Small correlation between salivary alpha-amylase activity and pain intensity in patients with cancer pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Mar;53(3):408.
    1. Karibe H, Aoyagi-Naka K, Koda A. Maternal anxiety and child fear during dental procedures: a preliminary study. J Dent Child. 2014 May-Aug;81(2):72–77.
    1. Furlan NF, Gaviao MB, Barbosa TS, Nicolau J, Castelo PM. Salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase and heart rate variation in response to dental treatment in children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2012 Fall;37(1):83–88.
    1. Dos Santos MJ, Bernabé DG, Nakamune AC, Perri SH, de Oliveira SH. Salivary alpha amylase and cortisol levels in children with global developmental delay and their relation with the expectation of dental care and behavior during the intervention. Res Dev Disabil. 2012 Mar-Apr;33(2):499–505.
    1. Sadi H, Finkelman M, Rosenberg M. Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase, and the dental anxiety scale. Anesth Prog. 2013 Summer;60(2):46–53.
    1. Miller CS, Dembo JB, Falace DA, Kaplan AL. Salivary cortisol response to dental treatment of varying stress. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995 Apr;79(4):436–441.
    1. Padmanabhan V, Rai K, Hegde AM. Salivary cortisol changes in children during dental extractions. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2014;3(4):811–814.
    1. Kanegane K, Penha SS, Munhoz CD, Rocha RG. Dental anxiety and salivary cortisol levels before urgent dental care. J Oral Sci. 2009 Dec;51(4):515–520.

Source: PubMed

スポンサーと協力者

医学的状態

薬物療法

3
購読する