Impact of Crocus Sativus L. on Metabolic Profile in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus or Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Parthena Giannoulaki, Evangelia Kotzakioulafi, Michail Chourdakis, Apostolos Hatzitolios, Triantafyllos Didangelos, Parthena Giannoulaki, Evangelia Kotzakioulafi, Michail Chourdakis, Apostolos Hatzitolios, Triantafyllos Didangelos

Abstract

Background: Experimental studies demonstrated a positive effect of administration of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and its bioactive ingredients on metabolic profile through their antioxidant capacity.

Purpose: To determine if the use of saffron in humans is beneficial to patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: This systematic review includes 14randomized control trials that investigated the impact of saffron administration and its bioactive ingredient crocin on the metabolic profile of patients with DM, MS, prediabetes, and coronary artery disease. We documented the following clinical outcomes: fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure.

Results: Eight studies examined the efficacy of saffron in patients with DM, four with the metabolic syndrome, one with prediabetes and one with coronary artery disease. A favorable effect on FBG was observed. The results regarding blood lipids and blood pressure were inconclusive in the current review.

Conclusions: According to the available limited evidence, saffron may have a favorable effect on FBG. Many of the studies in the reviewed literature are of poor quality, and more research is needed in this direction to confirm and establish the above findings.

Keywords: Crocus sativus L.; crocin; diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemia; hyperglycemia; picrocrocin; saffron; safranal.

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest related to this publication.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Risk of Bias assessment summary.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Risk of bias assessment summary for each included study.

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