Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Physical Function and Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic/Pre-Sarcopenic Adults

Hyuma Makizako, Yuki Nakai, Kazutoshi Tomioka, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Nana Sato, Ayumi Wada, Ryoji Kiyama, Kota Tsutsumimoto, Mitsuru Ohishi, Yuto Kiuchi, Takuro Kubozono, Toshihiro Takenaka, Hyuma Makizako, Yuki Nakai, Kazutoshi Tomioka, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Nana Sato, Ayumi Wada, Ryoji Kiyama, Kota Tsutsumimoto, Mitsuru Ohishi, Yuto Kiuchi, Takuro Kubozono, Toshihiro Takenaka

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on physical function and muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. Moreover, we aim to standardize the exercise program for easy incorporation in the daily life of community-dwelling older adults as a secondary outcome. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with individuals (≥60 years) who had sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia (n = 72). Participants were randomly assigned to the exercise and control groups. The exercise program consisted of 12 weekly 60-minute sessions that included resistance, balance, flexibility, and aerobic training. Outcome measures were physical function and muscle mass. Assessments were conducted before and immediately after the intervention. Among the 72 participants (mean age: 75.0 ± 6.9 years; 70.8% women), 67 (93.1%) completed the trial. Group-by-time interactions on the chair stand (p = 0.02) and timed "up and go" (p = 0.01) tests increased significantly in the exercise group. Although the exercise group showed a tendency to prevent loss of muscle mass, no significant interaction effects were observed for cross-sectional muscle area and muscle volume. The 12-week exercise program improved physical function in the intervention group. Although it is unclear whether the program is effective in increasing muscle mass, a multicomponent exercise program would be an effective treatment for physical function among older adults with sarcopenia.

Keywords: muscle strength; randomized controlled trial; resistance training; sarcopenia.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram indicating participant progress through the trial.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cross-sectional muscle area of the thigh for segmentation and a sample segmented image.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Improvement percentage of sarcopenia-related physical function and muscle mass after intervention.

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