Cardiac and Mental Benefits of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet plus Forest Bathing (FB) versus MIND Diet among Older Chinese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Ka-Yin Yau, Pui-Sze Law, Chung-Ngok Wong, Ka-Yin Yau, Pui-Sze Law, Chung-Ngok Wong

Abstract

(1) Background: The Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet and forest bathing (FB) are first-line therapies for controlling hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of a MIND diet and FB and MIND diet alone among older Chinese patients with hypertension. (2) Methods: Seventy-two participants aged >50 with stages 1 or 2 hypertension were randomly assigned to the MIND group (n = 23), MIND-FB group (n = 25), or control group (n = 24). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (primary outcome), point-of-care tests for blood lipid panel and glucose (Glu), anxiety levels, mood states, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BFP) were measured. (3) Results: After a four-week intervention, the change in SBP revealed no significant differences between the intervention groups, and SBP tended to decrease in the MIND and MIND-FB groups. Total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were significantly decreased (p < 0.01), Triglycerides (TG) and Glu levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the MIND-FB and MIND groups, and the mean differences for anxiety level and negative mood states were significantly lower (p < 0.00) in MIND-FB group. (4) Conclusions: The results provide preliminary evidence that the MIND diet and FB are good for promoting cardiac and mental health well-being in the Chinese population.

Keywords: MIND diet; anxiety; cardiovascular risk factor; forest bathing; hypertension; mood state.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The scene of the designated path and the activities of the forest walk.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of the participant selection process in the study period.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of means and 95% CI for SBP using an ANCOVA model after 4-week-intervention. The results were adjusted for age, waist to hip ratio, and pre-intervention BP. (A) showed the differences of SBP (p = 0.888) between MIND and MIND_FB groups and the control group were non-significant. (B) showed the difference of SBP (p = 0.339) between MIND and MIND_FB groups, and the control group was non-significant. SBP = systolic blood pressure; MIND group = The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet group; MIND-FB group = The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet plus forest bathing group.

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