Effectiveness of advanced carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shimin Fu, Linjun Li, Shuhua Deng, Liping Zan, Zhiping Liu, Shimin Fu, Linjun Li, Shuhua Deng, Liping Zan, Zhiping Liu

Abstract

Potential benefits of carbohydrate counting for glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remain inconclusive. Our aim is to systematically assess the efficacy of carbohydrate counting in patients with T1DM. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and the Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) up to December 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 3 months follow-up that evaluated carbohydrate counting compared with usual or other diabetes dietary education in patients with T1DM were included. Overall meta-analysis identified a significant decrease in HbA1c concentration with carbohydrate counting versus other diabetes diet method or usual diabetes dietary education (SMD: -0.35, 95%CI: -0.65 to -0.05, P = 0.023). Subgroup analysis restricted to trials which compared carbohydrate counting with usual diabetes dietary found a significant decrease in HbA1c in carbohydrate counting group (SMD: -0.68, 95%CI: -0.98 to -0.38, P = 0.000), and a similar result has emerged from six studies in adults (SMD: -0.40, 95%CI: -0.78 to -0.02, P = 0.037). Carbohydrate counting may confer positive impact on glucose control. Larger clinical trials are warranted to validate this positive impact.

Figures

Figure 1. The flow diagram of literature…
Figure 1. The flow diagram of literature review process.
Figure 2. The result of risk of…
Figure 2. The result of risk of bias assessment: each risk of bias item for included studies (Green means low risk of bias, Yellow means unclear risk of bias, Red means high risk of bias).
Figure 3. The result of risk of…
Figure 3. The result of risk of bias assessment: each risk of bias item showed as percentages across all included studies.
Figure 4. Subgroup analysis of HbA 1c…
Figure 4. Subgroup analysis of HbA1c concentration results according to different control group design.
Figure 5. Subgroup analysis of HbA 1c…
Figure 5. Subgroup analysis of HbA1c concentration results according to different population.
Figure 6. Effect of carbohydrate counting versus…
Figure 6. Effect of carbohydrate counting versus other diabetes diet method or usual diabetes dietary education for reducing hypoglycaemia events, insulin dosage and BMI.

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Source: PubMed

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