A comparative study of the effects of platelet-rich fibrin, concentrated growth factor and platelet-poor plasma on the healing of tooth extraction sockets in rabbits

Siying Li, Hongyi Yang, Qinyu Duan, Hongyu Bao, Aodi Li, Wei Li, Junliang Chen, Yun He, Siying Li, Hongyi Yang, Qinyu Duan, Hongyu Bao, Aodi Li, Wei Li, Junliang Chen, Yun He

Abstract

Background: Autologous platelet concentrate has been widely used to encourage the regeneration of hard and soft tissues. Up to now, there are three generations of autologous platelet concentrates. Many studies have shown that the three autologous concentrates have different effects, but the specific diversities have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare the effects of platelet-rich fibrin, concentrated growth factor and platelet-poor plasma on the healing of tooth extraction sockets in New Zealand rabbits.

Methods: A total of 24 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits aged 8-12 weeks were selected. The experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups: three experimental groups were respectively implanted with PPP, CGF and PRF gel after bilateral mandibular anterior teeth were extracted, and the control group did not implant any material. The alveolar bone of the mandibular anterior region was taken at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation. The height and width of the extraction wound were detected by CBCT, the growth of the new bone was observed by HE and Masson staining, and the expression of osteogenic genes was detected by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical package 22.0.

Results: The radiological results showed that alveolar bone resorption in all groups gradually increased over time. However, the experimental groups showed lower amounts of bone resorption. The histological results showed that new bone formation was observed in all groups. Over time, the new bone trabeculae of the CGF group became closely aligned while those in the PPP and PRF groups remained scattered. PCR results showed that the expression of BMP-2 and ALP was higher in the experimental groups than the control group.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the application of PRF, CGF and PPP in tooth extraction sockets effectively promoted bone regeneration. CGF showed more effective bone induction and tissue regeneration ability in the long term.

Keywords: Bone resorption; Cone beam computed tomography; Osteogenesis; Platelet-rich fibrin; Tooth extraction.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A After setting the CGF preparation program, the test tube was divided into three layers. B Separate the three layers. C Store the CGF gel in sterile saline solution for later use
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A Loosen the lower front teeth with appropriate force. B Use the extractor to hold the tooth, shake and pull out. C After the extraction of both lower anterior teeth, the extraction wounds were stitched
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Schematic of the Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). A Schematic of the measurement of ABH. B Schematic of the measurement of ABW
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
H&E staining of the Tooth extraction at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. n = 6. A–L Scar bar = 100 µm. a–l Scar bar = 2000 µm
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Masson staining of the Tooth extraction at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. n = 6. A–L Scar bar = 100 µm. a–l Scar bar = 2000 µm
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
A Percentage of new bone by histological study at 2 weeks. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. n = 6. B Percentage of new bone by histological study at 4 weeks. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. n = 6. C Percentage of new bone by histological study at 8 weeks. **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001. n = 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
A Relative mRNA expression levels of different marker genes (ALP) in bone tissue after tooth extraction filling with PPP, PRF, CGF and control group healed for 2 weeks. ** refers to P < 0.01. n = 6. B Relative mRNA expression levels of different marker genes (BMP-2) in bone tissue after tooth extraction filling with PPP, PRF, CGF and control group healed for 2 weeks. *** refers to P < 0.001. n = 6. C Relative mRNA expression levels of different marker genes (ALP) in bone tissue after tooth extraction filling with PPP, PRF, CGF and control group healed for 4 weeks. **** refers to P < 0.0001. n = 6. D Relative mRNA expression levels of different marker genes (BMP-2) in bone tissue after tooth extraction filling with PPP, PRF, CGF and control group healed for 4 weeks. **** refers to P < 0.0001. n = 6. E Relative mRNA expression levels of different marker genes (ALP) in bone tissue after tooth extraction filling with PPP, PRF, CGF and control group healed for 8 weeks. n = 6. F Relative mRNA expression levels of different marker genes (BMP-2) in bone tissue after tooth extraction filling with PPP, PRF, CGF and control group healed for 8 weeks. **** refers to P < 0.0001. n = 6

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