Associations of protein source, distribution and healthy dietary pattern with appendicular lean mass in oldest-old men: the Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS)

S K Jyväkorpi, A Urtamo, M Kivimäki, T E Strandberg, S K Jyväkorpi, A Urtamo, M Kivimäki, T E Strandberg

Abstract

Purpose: We explored how food and dietary intakes, protein daily distribution and source are associated with appendicular lean mass (ALM)/m2 of the oldest-old community-dwelling men.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS, mean age 87 years) participants who came to clinic visit in 2017/2018. Nutritional status, physical performance and fasting blood samples were measured. Food and dietary intakes were retrieved from 3-day food diaries. Body composition was measured and appendicular lean mass (ALM) per m2 was dichotomized as ALM/m2 < 7 kg/m2 and ≥ 7 kg/m2. Differences between lower and higher ALM were analyzed using t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Analysis of covariance was used to investigate independent associations with ALM/m2.

Results: Random sample of 130 participants took part in the medical examinations, 126 returned food diaries, and 102 underwent DXA-scan. ALM/m2 was associated with total protein (p = 0.033), animal protein (p = 0.043) and meat protein (p = 0.033) intakes. Protein distribution between daily meals differed at lunch; those with higher ALM/m2 ate more protein (p = .047) at lunch. Consumption of fruits, vegetables (p = 0.022) and meat (p = 0.006) was associated with ALM/m2.

Conclusion: Protein intake, source and distribution as well fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with higher ALM in oldest-old men.

Study registration: The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02526082.

Keywords: Animal protein; Appendicular lean mass; Fruits and vegetables; Meat intake; Protein distribution; Protein intake; Protein source.

Conflict of interest statement

SKJ: reports no conflict of interest. AU: reports no conflict of interest. MK: was supported by NordForsk, the Academy of Finland (311492), and Helsinki Institute of Life Science. TES: reports having various educational and consultative cooperation with several companies, including Nutricia, Abbott, Amgen, Merck, Pfizer, Novartis, and Novo-Nordisk; a minor amount of stock in Orion Pharma; and is a board member and former president of executive board of European Union Geriatric Medicine Society which has cooperation also with the nutrition industry.

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