Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Methods of Labour Pain Relief-Establishment of Effectiveness and Comparison

Iwona Czech, Piotr Fuchs, Anna Fuchs, Miłosz Lorek, Dominika Tobolska-Lorek, Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop, Jerzy Sikora, Iwona Czech, Piotr Fuchs, Anna Fuchs, Miłosz Lorek, Dominika Tobolska-Lorek, Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop, Jerzy Sikora

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods and to compare them. Materials and methods: 258 women were included in the study and interviewed using a questionnaire and the visual analogue scale for pain. They were divided into six groups depending on chosen method of labour pain relief: epidural anaesthesia (EA; n = 42), water immersion and water birth (WB; n = 40), nitrous oxide gas for pain control (G; n = 40), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) (n = 50), multiple management (MM; n = 42), none (N; n = 44). Results: The average age of the women was 29.4 ± 3.74 years and 60.47% of them were nulliparous (n = 156). Mean values of labour pain intensity were 6.81 ± 2.26 during the first stage of labour; 7.86 ± 2.06 during the second stage, and 3.22 ± 2.46 during the third stage. There was no significant difference in pain level between epidural analgesia and gas groups in the first stage of labour (p = 0.74). Nevertheless, epidural analgesia reduced pain level during the second and third stage (both p < 0.01). The highest satisfaction level pertains to water immersion (n = 38; 95%). Conclusion: Epidural analgesia is the gold standard of labour pain relief, however water birth was found to be associated with the highest satisfaction level of the parturient women. The contentment of childbirth depends not only on the level of experienced pain, but also on the care provided to the parturient during pregnancy and labour.

Keywords: TENS; epidural anaesthesia; labour pain; pain relief; water immersion.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Association between prediction and mean value of labour pain intensity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of non-pharmacological (A) and pharmacological (B) pain relief methods.

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