European Society of Coloproctology: guidelines for the management of diverticular disease of the colon

J K Schultz, N Azhar, G A Binda, G Barbara, S Biondo, M A Boermeester, A Chabok, E C J Consten, S T van Dijk, A Johanssen, W Kruis, D Lambrichts, S Post, F Ris, T A Rockall, A Samuelsson, S Di Saverio, D Tartaglia, A Thorisson, D C Winter, W Bemelman, E Angenete, J K Schultz, N Azhar, G A Binda, G Barbara, S Biondo, M A Boermeester, A Chabok, E C J Consten, S T van Dijk, A Johanssen, W Kruis, D Lambrichts, S Post, F Ris, T A Rockall, A Samuelsson, S Di Saverio, D Tartaglia, A Thorisson, D C Winter, W Bemelman, E Angenete

Abstract

Aim: The goal of this European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) guideline project is to give an overview of the existing evidence on the management of diverticular disease, primarily as a guidance to surgeons.

Methods: The guideline was developed during several working phases including three voting rounds and one consensus meeting. The two project leads (JKS and EA) appointed by the ESCP guideline committee together with one member of the guideline committee (WB) agreed on the methodology, decided on six themes for working groups (WGs) and drafted a list of research questions. Senior WG members, mostly colorectal surgeons within the ESCP, were invited based on publication records and geographical aspects. Other specialties were included in the WGs where relevant. In addition, one trainee or PhD fellow was invited in each WG. All six WGs revised the research questions if necessary, did a literature search, created evidence tables where feasible, and drafted supporting text to each research question and statement. The text and statement proposals from each WG were arranged as one document by the first and last authors before online voting by all authors in two rounds. For the second voting ESCP national representatives were also invited. More than 90% agreement was considered a consensus. The final phrasing of the statements with < 90% agreement was discussed in a consensus meeting at the ESCP annual meeting in Vienna in September 2019. Thereafter, the first and the last author drafted the final text of the guideline and circulated it for final approval and for a third and final online voting of rephrased statements.

Results: This guideline contains 38 evidence based consensus statements on the management of diverticular disease.

Conclusion: This international, multidisciplinary guideline provides an up to date summary of the current knowledge of the management of diverticular disease as a guidance for clinicians and patients.

© 2020 The Authors. Colorectal Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

References

    1. Tonelli F, Di Carlo V, Liscia G, Serventi A. [Diverticular disease of the colon: diagnosis and treatment. Consensus Conference, 5th National Congress of the Italian Society of Academic Surgeons]. Ann Ital Chir 2009; 80: 3-8.
    1. Fozard JB, Armitage NC, Schofield JB, Jones OM, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. ACPGBI position statement on elective resection for diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13(Suppl 3): 1-11.
    1. Andersen JC, Bundgaard L, Elbrond H et al. Danish national guidelines for treatment of diverticular disease. Dan Med J 2012; 59: C4453.
    1. Andeweg CS, Mulder IM, Felt-Bersma RJ et al. Guidelines of diagnostics and treatment of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Dig Surg 2013; 30: 278-92.
    1. Kruis W, Germer CT, Leifeld L et al. Diverticular disease: guidelines of the German Society for Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases and the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery. Digestion 2014; 90: 190-207.
    1. Vennix S, Morton DG, Hahnloser D, Lange JF, Bemelman WA; Research Committee of the European Society of Coloproctocology. Systematic review of evidence and consensus on diverticulitis: an analysis of national and international guidelines. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16: 866-78.
    1. Galetin T, Galetin A, Vestweber KH, Rink AD. Systematic review and comparison of national and international guidelines on diverticular disease. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 261-72.
    1. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. (accessed September 2017).
    1. Klarenbeek BR, de Korte N, van der Peet DL, Cuesta MA. Review of current classifications for diverticular disease and a translation into clinical practice. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27: 207-14.
    1. Hinchey EJ, Schaal PG, Richards GK. Treatment of perforated diverticular disease of the colon. Adv Surg 1978; 12: 85-109.
    1. Wasvary H, Turfah F, Kadro O, Beauregard W. Same hospitalization resection for acute diverticulitis. Am Surg 1999; 65: 632-5; discussion 636.
    1. Pfutzer RH, Kruis W. Management of diverticular disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 12: 629-38.
    1. Peery AF, Keku TO, Martin CF et al. Distribution and characteristics of colonic diverticula in a United States screening population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14: 980-5.e1.
    1. Rustom LBO, Sharara AI. The natural history of colonic diverticulosis: much ado about nothing? Inflamm Intest Dis 2018; 3: 69-74.
    1. Peery AF, Keku TO, Addamo C et al. Colonic diverticula are not associated with mucosal inflammation or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16, 884-91.e1.
    1. Tursi A, Scarpignato C. Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease: chronic abdominal pain in diverticulosis is not enough to make the diagnosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16: 2001-2.
    1. Jarbrink-Sehgal ME, Andreasson A, Talley NJ, Agreus L, Song JY, Schmidt PT. Symptomatic diverticulosis is characterized by loose stools. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14: 1763-70.e1.
    1. Scarpignato C, Barbara G, Lanas A, Strate LL. Management of colonic diverticular disease in the third millennium: highlights from a symposium held during the United European Gastroenterology Week 2017. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11: 1-7.
    1. Cohen E, Fuller G, Bolus R et al. Increased risk for irritable bowel syndrome after acute diverticulitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 1614-9.
    1. Cuomo R, Barbara G, Andreozzi P et al. Symptom patterns can distinguish diverticular disease from irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43: 1147-55.
    1. Strate LL, Morris AM. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of diverticulitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156, 1282-98. e1281.
    1. Mohammed Ilyas MI, Szilagy EJ. Management of diverticular bleeding: evaluation, stabilization, intervention, and recurrence of bleeding and indications for resection after control of bleeding. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2018; 31: 243-50.
    1. Parkes BM, Obeid FN, Sorensen VJ, Horst HM, Fath JJ. The management of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Am Surg 1993; 59: 676-8.
    1. Wang FW, Chuang HY, Tu MS et al. Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic colorectal diverticulosis in Taiwan. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15: 40.
    1. Shahedi K, Fuller G, Bolus R et al. Long-term risk of acute diverticulitis among patients with incidental diverticulosis found during colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 1609-13.
    1. Etzioni DA, Mack TM, Beart RW Jr, Kaiser AM. Diverticulitis in the United States: 1998-2005: changing patterns of disease and treatment. Ann Surg 2009; 249: 210-7.
    1. Binda GA, Mataloni F, Bruzzone M et al. Trends in hospital admission for acute diverticulitis in Italy from 2008 to 2015. Tech Coloproctol 2018; 22: 597-604.
    1. Wheat CL, Strate LL. Trends in hospitalization for diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding in the United States from 2000 to 2010. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14, 96-103. e101.
    1. Bolkenstein HE, van de Wall BJM, Consten ECJ, Broeders I, Draaisma WA. Risk factors for complicated diverticulitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32: 1375-83.
    1. Aune D, Sen A, Leitzmann MF, Norat T, Tonstad S, Vatten LJ. Body mass index and physical activity and the risk of diverticular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56: 2423-38.
    1. Golder M, Ster IC, Babu P, Sharma A, Bayat M, Farah A. Demographic determinants of risk, colon distribution and density scores of diverticular disease. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 1009-17.
    1. Granlund J, Svensson T, Olen O et al. The genetic influence on diverticular disease - a twin study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 1103-7.
    1. Strate LL, Erichsen R, Baron JA et al. Heritability and familial aggregation of diverticular disease: a population-based study of twins and siblings. Gastroenterology 2013; 144: 736-42. e731; quiz e714.
    1. Leganger J, Soborg MK, Mortensen LQ, Gregersen R, Rosenberg J, Burcharth J. Association between diverticular disease and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a 13-year nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31: 1863-7.
    1. Santin BJ, Prasad V, Caniano DA. Colonic diverticulitis in adolescents: an index case and associated syndromes. Pediatr Surg Int 2009; 25: 901-5.
    1. Maguire LH, Handelman SK, Du X, Chen Y, Pers TH, Speliotes EK. Genome-wide association analyses identify 39 new susceptibility loci for diverticular disease. Nat Genet 2018; 50: 1359-65.
    1. Sigurdsson S, Alexandersson KF, Sulem P et al. Sequence variants in ARHGAP15, COLQ and FAM155A associate with diverticular disease and diverticulitis. Nat Commun 2017; 8: 15789.
    1. Camilleri M, Sandler RS, Peery AF. Etiopathogenetic mechanisms in diverticular disease of the colon. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 9: 15-32.
    1. Crowe FL, Appleby PN, Allen NE, Key TJ. Diet and risk of diverticular disease in Oxford cohort of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): prospective study of British vegetarians and non-vegetarians. BMJ 2011; 343: d4131.
    1. Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL, Rockett HR, Sampson L, Rimm EB, Willett WC. A prospective study of dietary fiber types and symptomatic diverticular disease in men. J Nutr 1998; 128: 714-9.
    1. Strate LL, Liu YL, Syngal S, Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL. Nut, corn, and popcorn consumption and the incidence of diverticular disease. JAMA 2008; 300: 907-14.
    1. Hjern F, Wolk A, Hakansson N. Obesity, physical inactivity, and colonic diverticular disease requiring hospitalization in women: a prospective cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107: 296-302.
    1. Kopylov U, Ben-Horin S, Lahat A, Segev S, Avidan B, Carter D. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and the risk of development of colonic diverticulosis. Digestion 2012; 86: 201-5.
    1. Strate LL, Liu YL, Aldoori WH, Syngal S, Giovannucci EL. Obesity increases the risks of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. Gastroenterology 2009; 136, 115-22. e111.
    1. Nagata N, Sakamoto K, Arai T et al. Visceral abdominal obesity measured by computed tomography is associated with increased risk of colonic diverticulosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 49: 816-22.
    1. Bohm SK, Kruis W. Lifestyle and other risk factors for diverticulitis. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2017; 63: 110-8.
    1. Hupfeld L, Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J. Emergency admissions for complicated colonic diverticulitis are increasing: a nationwide register-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 879-86.
    1. Paterson HM, Arnott ID, Nicholls RJ et al. Diverticular disease in Scotland: 2000-2010. Colorectal Dis 2015; 17: 329-34.
    1. Gregersen R, Andresen K, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J. Short-term mortality, readmission, and recurrence in treatment of acute diverticulitis with abscess formation: a nationwide register-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31: 983-90.
    1. Gregersen R, Andresen K, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J. Long-term mortality and recurrence in patients treated for colonic diverticulitis with abscess formation: a nationwide register-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 431-40.
    1. Vermeulen J, Gosselink MP, Hop WC et al. Long-term survival after perforated diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13: 203-9.
    1. Ritz JP, Lehmann KS, Frericks B, Stroux A, Buhr HJ, Holmer C. Outcome of patients with acute sigmoid diverticulitis: multivariate analysis of risk factors for free perforation. Surgery 2011; 149: 606-13.
    1. Sharma PV, Eglinton T, Hider P, Frizelle F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of routine colonic evaluation after radiologically confirmed acute diverticulitis. Ann Surg 2014; 259: 263-72.
    1. Sai VF, Velayos F, Neuhaus J, Westphalen AC. Colonoscopy after CT diagnosis of diverticulitis to exclude colon cancer: a systematic literature review. Radiology 2012; 263: 383-90.
    1. Rottier SJ, van Dijk ST, van Geloven AAW et al. Meta-analysis of the role of colonoscopy after an episode of left-sided acute diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2019; 106: 988-97.
    1. Meyer J, Orci LA, Combescure C et al. Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with acute diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17, 1448-56. e1417.
    1. Daniels L, Unlu C, de Wijkerslooth TR, Dekker E, Boermeester MA. Routine colonoscopy after left-sided acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 79: 378-89 quiz 498-498 e375.
    1. Quintero E, Castells A, Bujanda L et al. Colonoscopy versus fecal immunochemical testing in colorectal-cancer screening. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 697-706.
    1. Blumenstein I, Tacke W, Bock H et al. Prevalence of colorectal cancer and its precursor lesions in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing total colonoscopy: results of a large prospective, multicenter, controlled endoscopy study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 25: 556-61.
    1. Niv Y, Hazazi R, Levi Z, Fraser G. Screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic people: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53: 3049-54.
    1. Meyer J, Thomopoulos T, Usel M et al. The incidence of colon cancer among patients diagnosed with left colonic or sigmoid acute diverticulitis is higher than in the general population. Surg Endosc 2015; 29: 3331-7.
    1. Almy TP, Howell DA. Medical progress. Diverticular disease of the colon. N Engl J Med 1980; 302: 324-31.
    1. Werner A, Diehl SJ, Farag-Soliman M, Duber C. Multi-slice spiral CT in routine diagnosis of suspected acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis: a prospective study of 120 patients. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 2596-603.
    1. Lameris W, van Randen A, van Gulik TM et al. A clinical decision rule to establish the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis at the emergency department. Dis Colon Rectum 2010; 53: 896-904.
    1. Makela JT, Klintrup K, Rautio T. The role of low CRP values in the prediction of the development of acute diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31: 23-7.
    1. Makela JT, Klintrup K, Takala H, Rautio T. The role of C-reactive protein in prediction of the severity of acute diverticulitis in an emergency unit. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50: 536-41.
    1. Buchs NC, Konrad-Mugnier B, Jannot AS, Poletti PA, Ambrosetti P, Gervaz P. Assessment of recurrence and complications following uncomplicated diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2013; 100: 976-9; discussion 979.
    1. Jamal Talabani A, Endreseth BH, Lydersen S, Edna TH. Clinical diagnostic accuracy of acute colonic diverticulitis in patients admitted with acute abdominal pain, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32: 41-7.
    1. Andeweg CS, Knobben L, Hendriks JC, Bleichrodt RP, van Goor H. How to diagnose acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis: proposal for a clinical scoring system. Ann Surg 2011; 253: 940-6.
    1. Kiewiet JJ, Andeweg CS, Laurell H et al. External validation of two tools for the clinical diagnosis of acute diverticulitis without imaging. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46: 119-24.
    1. Daniels L, Unlu C, de Korte N et al. Randomized clinical trial of observational versus antibiotic treatment for a first episode of CT-proven uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2017; 104: 52-61.
    1. Lameris W, van Randen A, Bipat S, Bossuyt PM, Boermeester MA, Stoker J. Graded compression ultrasonography and computed tomography in acute colonic diverticulitis: meta-analysis of test accuracy. Eur Radiol 2008; 18: 2498-511.
    1. O'Leary DP, Lynch N, Clancy C, Winter DC, Myers E. International, expert-based, consensus statement regarding the management of acute diverticulitis. JAMA Surg 2015; 150: 899-904.
    1. Andeweg CS, Wegdam JA, Groenewoud J, van der Wilt GJ, van Goor H, Bleichrodt RP. Toward an evidence-based step-up approach in diagnosing diverticulitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49: 775-84.
    1. Ripolles T, Agramunt M, Martinez MJ, Costa S, Gomez-Abril SA, Richart J. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis, management and evolutive prognosis of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis: a review of 208 patients. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 2587-95.
    1. Schwerk WB, Schwarz S, Rothmund M. Sonography in acute colonic diverticulitis. A prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum 1992; 35: 1077-84.
    1. Heverhagen JT, Sitter H, Zielke A, Klose KJ. Prospective evaluation of the value of magnetic resonance imaging in suspected acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2008; 51: 1810-5.
    1. Sher ME, Agachan F, Bortul M, Nogueras JJ, Weiss EG, Wexner SD. Laparoscopic surgery for diverticulitis. Surg Endosc 1997; 11: 264-7.
    1. Kohler L, Sauerland S, Neugebauer E. Diagnosis and treatment of diverticular disease: results of a consensus development conference. The Scientific Committee of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery. Surg Endosc 1999; 13: 430-6.
    1. Mora Lopez L, Flores Clotet R, Serra Aracil X, Montes Ortega N, Navarro SS. The use of the modified Neff classification in the management of acute diverticulitis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2017; 109: 328-34.
    1. Sartelli M, Moore FA, Ansaloni L et al. A proposal for a CT driven classification of left colon acute diverticulitis. World J Emerg 2015; 10: 3.
    1. Kaiser AM, Jiang JK, Lake JP et al. The management of complicated diverticulitis and the role of computed tomography. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 910-7.
    1. Ambrosetti P, Jenny A, Becker C, Terrier TF, Morel P. Acute left colonic diverticulitis - compared performance of computed tomography and water-soluble contrast enema: prospective evaluation of 420 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43: 1363-7.
    1. Chabok A, Pahlman L, Hjern F, Haapaniemi S, Smedh K; AVOD Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2012; 99: 532-9.
    1. Isacson D, Smedh K, Nikberg M, Chabok A. Long-term follow-up of the AVOD randomized trial of antibiotic avoidance in uncomplicated diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2019; 106: 1542-8.
    1. van Dijk ST, Daniels L, Unlu C et al. Long-term effects of omitting antibiotics in uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113: 1045-52.
    1. Desai M, Fathallah J, Nutalapati V, Saligram S. Antibiotics versus no antibiotics for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2019; 62: 1005-12.
    1. van Dijk ST, Chabok A, Dijkgraaf MG, Boermeester MA, Smedh K. Observational versus antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated diverticulitis: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2020; 107: 1062-1069. doi:10.1002/bjs.11465.
    1. Costi R, Cauchy F, Le Bian A, Honart JF, Creuze N, Smadja C. Challenging a classic myth: pneumoperitoneum associated with acute diverticulitis is not an indication for open or laparoscopic emergency surgery in hemodynamically stable patients. A 10-year experience with a nonoperative treatment. Surg Endosc 2012; 26: 2061-71.
    1. Sallinen VJ, Mentula PJ, Leppaniemi AK. Nonoperative management of perforated diverticulitis with extraluminal air is safe and effective in selected patients. Dis Colon Rectum 2014; 57: 875-81.
    1. Dharmarajan S, Hunt SR, Birnbaum EH, Fleshman JW, Mutch MG. The efficacy of nonoperative management of acute complicated diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2011; 54: 663-71.
    1. van Dijk ST, Doelare SAN, van Geloven AAW, Boermeester MA. A systematic review of pericolic extraluminal air in left-sided acute colonic diverticulitis. Surg Infect 2018; 19: 362-8.
    1. van Dijk ST, Bos K, de Boer MGJ et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of outpatient treatment for acute diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 505-12.
    1. Cirocchi R, Randolph JJ, Binda GA et al. Is the outpatient management of acute diverticulitis safe and effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol 2019; 23: 87-100.
    1. Biondo S, Golda T, Kreisler E et al. Outpatient versus hospitalization management for uncomplicated diverticulitis: a prospective, multicenter randomized clinical trial (DIVER trial). Ann Surg 2014; 259: 38-44.
    1. van de Wall BJ, Draaisma WA, van Iersel JJ, van der Kaaij R, Consten EC, Broeders IA. Dietary restrictions for acute diverticulitis: evidence-based or expert opinion? Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28: 1287-93.
    1. Stam MA, Draaisma WA, van de Wall BJ, Bolkenstein HE, Consten EC, Broeders IA. An unrestricted diet for uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe: results of a prospective diverticulitis diet study. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19: 372-7.
    1. Ridgway PF, Latif A, Shabbir J et al. Randomized controlled trial of oral vs intravenous therapy for the clinically diagnosed acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11: 941-6.
    1. Iannone A, Ruospo M, Wong G et al. Mesalazine for people with diverticular disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018: 1-12.
    1. Parente F, Bargiggia S, Prada A et al. Intermittent treatment with mesalazine in the prevention of diverticulitis recurrence: a randomised multicentre pilot double-blind placebo-controlled study of 24-month duration. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28: 1423-31.
    1. Stollman N, Magowan S, Shanahan F, Quigley EM, DIVA Investigator Group. A randomized controlled study of mesalamine after acute diverticulitis: results of the DIVA trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 47: 621-9.
    1. Lanas A, Ponce J, Bignamini A, Mearin F. One year intermittent rifaximin plus fibre supplementation vs. fibre supplementation alone to prevent diverticulitis recurrence: a proof-of-concept study. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45: 104-9.
    1. Festa V, Spila Alegiani S, Chiesara F et al. Retrospective comparison of long-term ten-day/month rifaximin or mesalazine in prevention of relapse in acute diverticulitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21: 1397-404.
    1. Tursi A, Elisei W, Giorgetti GM et al. Effectiveness of different therapeutic strategies in preventing diverticulitis recurrence. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17: 342-8.
    1. Dughera L, Serra AM, Battaglia E, Tibaudi D, Navino M, Emanuelli G. Acute recurrent diverticulitis is prevented by oral administration of a polybacterial lysate suspension. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2004; 50: 149-53.
    1. Dahl C, Crichton M, Jenkins J et al. Evidence for dietary fibre modification in the recovery and prevention of reoccurrence of acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic literature review. Nutrients 2018; 10: 1-18.
    1. Leahy AL, Ellis RM, Quill DS, Peel AL. High fibre diet in symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1985; 67: 173-4.
    1. Crowe FL, Balkwill A, Cairns BJ et al. Source of dietary fibre and diverticular disease incidence: a prospective study of UK women. Gut 2014; 63: 1450-6.
    1. Gregersen R, Mortensen LQ, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J. Treatment of patients with acute colonic diverticulitis complicated by abscess formation: a systematic review. Int J Surg 2016; 35: 201-8.
    1. Lambrichts DPV, Bolkenstein HE, van der Does D et al. Multicentre study of non-surgical management of diverticulitis with abscess formation. Br J Surg 2019; 106: 458-66.
    1. Sallinen VJ, Leppaniemi AK, Mentula PJ. Staging of acute diverticulitis based on clinical, radiologic, and physiologic parameters. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78: 543-51.
    1. Thorisson A, Smedh K, Torkzad MR, Pahlman L, Chabok A. CT imaging for prediction of complications and recurrence in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31: 451-7.
    1. Mora Lopez L, Serra Pla S, Serra-Aracil X, Ballesteros E, Navarro S. Application of a modified Neff classification to patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis 2013; 15: 1442-7.
    1. Garcia-Gomez MA, Belmonte-Montes C, Cosme-Reyes C, Aguirre Garcia MP. [Prognostic value of the presence of pericolic air bubbles detected by computed tomography in acute diverticulitis]. Cir Cir 2017; 85: 471-7.
    1. Lahat A, Avidan B, Sakhnini E, Katz L, Fidder HH, Meir SB. Acute diverticulitis: a decade of prospective follow-up. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 47: 415-9.
    1. Sohn M, Iesalnieks I, Agha A et al. Perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis: low stoma rate using a ‘Damage Control Strategy’. World J Surg 2018; 42: 3189-95.
    1. Oberkofler CE, Rickenbacher A, Raptis DA et al. A multicenter randomized clinical trial of primary anastomosis or Hartmann's procedure for perforated left colonic diverticulitis with purulent or fecal peritonitis. Ann Surg 2012; 256: 819-26; discussion 826-817.
    1. Binda GA, Karas JR, Serventi A et al. Primary anastomosis vs nonrestorative resection for perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis: a prematurely terminated randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14: 1403-10.
    1. Bridoux V, Regimbeau JM, Ouaissi M et al. Hartmann's procedure or primary anastomosis for generalized peritonitis due to perforated diverticulitis: a prospective multicenter randomized trial (DIVERTI). J Am Coll Surg 2017; 225: 798-805.
    1. Franklin ME Jr, Portillo G, Trevino JM, Gonzalez JJ, Glass JL. Long-term experience with the laparoscopic approach to perforated diverticulitis plus generalized peritonitis. World J Surg 2008; 32: 1507-11.
    1. Sohn M, Agha A, Heitland W, Gundling F, Steiner P, Iesalnieks I. Damage control strategy for the treatment of perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis. Tech Coloproctol 2016; 20: 577-83.
    1. Schultz JK, Yaqub S, Wallon C et al. Laparoscopic lavage vs primary resection for acute perforated diverticulitis: the SCANDIV randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314: 1364-75.
    1. Vennix S, Musters GD, Mulder IM et al. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage or sigmoidectomy for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis: a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, open-label trial. Lancet 2015; 386: 1269-77.
    1. Thornell A, Angenete E, Bisgaard T et al. Laparoscopic lavage for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2016; 164: 137-45.
    1. Angenete E, Bock D, Rosenberg J, Haglind E. Laparoscopic lavage is superior to colon resection for perforated purulent diverticulitis -a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32: 163-9.
    1. Ceresoli M, Coccolini F, Montori G, Catena F, Sartelli M, Ansaloni L. Laparoscopic lavage versus resection in perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Emerg Surg 2016; 11: 42.
    1. Cirocchi R, Di Saverio S, Weber DG et al. Laparoscopic lavage versus surgical resection for acute diverticulitis with generalised peritonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol 2017; 21: 93-110.
    1. Galbraith N, Carter JV, Netz U et al. Laparoscopic lavage in the management of perforated diverticulitis: a contemporary meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21: 1491-9.
    1. Marshall JR, Buchwald PL, Gandhi J et al. Laparoscopic lavage in the management of Hinchey grade III diverticulitis: a systematic review. Ann Surg 2017; 265: 670-6.
    1. Penna M, Markar SR, Mackenzie H, Hompes R, Cunningham C. Laparoscopic lavage versus primary resection for acute perforated diverticulitis: review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2018; 267: 252-8.
    1. Shaikh FM, Stewart PM, Walsh SR, Davies RJ. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage or surgical resection for acute perforated sigmoid diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2017; 38: 130-7.
    1. Acuna SA, Wood T, Chesney TR et al. Operative strategies for perforated diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2018; 61: 1442-53.
    1. Schmidt S, Ismail T, Puhan MA, Soll C, Breitenstein S. Meta-analysis of surgical strategies in perforated left colonic diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2018; 403: 425-33.
    1. Binda GA, Bonino MA, Siri G et al. Multicentre international trial of laparoscopic lavage for Hinchey III acute diverticulitis (LLO Study). Br J Surg 2018; 105: 1835-43.
    1. Schultz JK, Wallon C, Blecic L et al. One-year results of the SCANDIV randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic lavage versus primary resection for acute perforated diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2017; 104: 1382-92.
    1. Kohl A, Rosenberg J, Bock D et al. Two-year results of the randomized clinical trial DILALA comparing laparoscopic lavage with resection as treatment for perforated diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2018; 105: 1128-34.
    1. Angenete E, Thornell A, Burcharth J et al. Laparoscopic lavage is feasible and safe for the treatment of perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis: the first results from the randomized controlled trial DILALA. Ann Surg 2016; 263: 117-22.
    1. Gehrman J, Angenete E, Bjorholt I, Bock D, Rosenberg J, Haglind E. Health economic analysis of laparoscopic lavage versus Hartmann's procedure for diverticulitis in the randomized DILALA trial. Br J Surg 2016; 103: 1539-47.
    1. Vennix S, van Dieren S, Opmeer BC, Lange JF, Bemelman WA. Cost analysis of laparoscopic lavage compared with sigmoid resection for perforated diverticulitis in the LADIES trial. Br J Surg 2017; 104: 62-8.
    1. Sohn MA, Agha A, Steiner P et al. Damage control surgery in perforated diverticulitis: ongoing peritonitis at second surgery predicts a worse outcome. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 871-8.
    1. Cauley CE, Patel R, Bordeianou L. Use of primary anastomosis with diverting ileostomy in patients with acute diverticulitis requiring urgent operative intervention. Dis Colon Rectum 2018; 61: 586-92.
    1. Lambrichts DPV, Vennix S, Musters GD et al. Hartmann's procedure versus sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis for perforated diverticulitis with purulent or faecal peritonitis (LADIES): a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, open-label, superiority trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4: 599-610.
    1. Wong WD, Wexner SD, Lowry A et al. Practice parameters for the treatment of sigmoid diverticulitis - supporting documentation. The Standards Task Force. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43: 290-7.
    1. Roberts P, Abel M, Rosen L et al. Practice parameters for sigmoid diverticulitis. The Standards Task Force American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Dis Colon Rectum 1995; 38: 125-32.
    1. Haglund U, Hellberg R, Johnsen C, Hulten L. Complicated diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon. An analysis of short and long term outcome in 392 patients. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1979; 68: 41-6.
    1. Klarenbeek BR, Samuels M, van der Wal MA, van der Peet DL, Meijerink WJ, Cuesta MA. Indications for elective sigmoid resection in diverticular disease. Ann Surg 2010; 251: 670-4.
    1. Boostrom SY, Wolff BG, Cima RR, Merchea A, Dozois EJ, Larson DW. Uncomplicated diverticulitis, more complicated than we thought. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16: 1744-9.
    1. Li D, Baxter NN, McLeod RS, Moineddin R, Nathens AB. The decline of elective colectomy following diverticulitis: a population-based analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2016; 59: 332-9.
    1. von Strauss und Torney M, Thommen S, Dell-Kuster S et al. Surgical treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis in Switzerland: comparison of population-based data over two time periods. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19: 840-50.
    1. Brandlhuber M, Genzinger C, Brandlhuber B, Sommer WH, Muller MH, Kreis ME. Long-term quality of life after conservative treatment versus surgery for different stages of acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 317-26.
    1. Polese L, Bressan A, Savarino E et al. Quality of life after laparoscopic sigmoid resection for uncomplicated diverticular disease. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 513-23.
    1. Andeweg CS, Berg R, Staal JB, ten Broek RP, van Goor H. Patient-reported outcomes after conservative or surgical management of recurrent and chronic complaints of diverticulitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14: 183-90.
    1. Bolkenstein HE, Consten ECJ, van der Palen J et al. Long-term outcome of surgery versus conservative management for recurrent and ongoing complaints after an episode of diverticulitis: 5-year follow-up results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (DIRECT-Trial). Ann Surg 2019; 269: 612-20.
    1. van de Wall BJM, Stam MAW, Draaisma WA et al. Surgery versus conservative management for recurrent and ongoing left-sided diverticulitis (DIRECT trial): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2: 13-22.
    1. Lamb MN, Kaiser AM. Elective resection versus observation after nonoperative management of complicated diverticulitis with abscess: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2014; 57: 1430-40.
    1. Eglinton T, Nguyen T, Raniga S, Dixon L, Dobbs B, Frizelle FA. Patterns of recurrence in patients with acute diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 952-7.
    1. Rose J, Parina RP, Faiz O, Chang DC, Talamini MA. Long-term outcomes after initial presentation of diverticulitis. Ann Surg 2015; 262: 1046-53.
    1. Aquina CT, Becerra AZ, Xu Z et al. Population-based study of outcomes following an initial acute diverticular abscess. Br J Surg 2019; 106: 467-76.
    1. Buchwald P, Dixon L, Wakeman CJ, Eglinton TW, Frizelle FA. Hinchey I and II diverticular abscesses: long-term outcome of conservative treatment. ANZ J Surg 2017; 87: 1011-4.
    1. Devaraj B, Liu W, Tatum J, Cologne K, Kaiser AM. Medically treated diverticular abscess associated with high risk of recurrence and disease complications. Dis Colon Rectum 2016; 59: 208-15.
    1. Garfinkle R, Kugler A, Pelsser V et al. Diverticular abscess managed with long-term definitive nonoperative intent is safe. Dis Colon Rectum 2016; 59: 648-55.
    1. Jalouta T, Jrebi N, Luchtefeld M, Ogilvie JW Jr. Diverticulitis recurrence after percutaneous abscess drainage. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32: 1367-73.
    1. You K, Bendl R, Taut C et al. Randomized clinical trial of elective resection versus observation in diverticulitis with extraluminal air or abscess initially managed conservatively. Br J Surg 2018; 105: 971-9.
    1. Rosen DR, Hwang GS, Ault GT, Ortega AE, Cologne KG. Operative management of diverticulitis in a tertiary care center. Am J Surg 2017; 214: 37-41.
    1. Smeenk RM, Plaisier PW, van der Hoeven JA, Hesp WL. Outcome of surgery for colovesical and colovaginal fistulas of diverticular origin in 40 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16: 1559-65.
    1. Niebling M, van Nunspeet L, Zwaving H, Eddes EH, Bosker R, Schattenkerk ME. Management of colovesical fistulae caused by diverticulitis: 12 years of experience in one medical centre. Acta Chir Belg 2013; 113: 30-4.
    1. Miyaso H, Iwakawa K, Hamada Y et al. Ten cases of colovesical fistula due to sigmoid diverticulitis. Hiroshima J Med Sci 2015; 64: 9-13.
    1. Melchior S, Cudovic D, Jones J, Thomas C, Gillitzer R, Thuroff J. Diagnosis and surgical management of colovesical fistulas due to sigmoid diverticulitis. J Urol 2009; 182: 978-82.
    1. Marney LA, Ho YH. Laparoscopic management of diverticular colovesical fistula: experience in 15 cases and review of the literature. Int Surg 2013; 98: 101-9.
    1. Aydinli HH, Benlice C, Ozuner G, Gorgun E, Abbas MA. Risk factors associated with postoperative morbidity in over 500 colovesical fistula patients undergoing colorectal surgery: a retrospective cohort study from ACS-NSQIP database. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32: 469-74.
    1. Anania G, Vedana L, Santini M et al. Complications of diverticular disease: surgical laparoscopic treatment. G Chir 2014; 35: 126-8.
    1. Abbass MA, Tsay AT, Abbas MA. Laparoscopic resection of chronic sigmoid diverticulitis with fistula. JSLS 2013; 17: 636-40.
    1. Badic B, Leroux G, Thereaux J et al. Colovesical fistula complicating diverticular disease: a 14-year experience. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2017; 27: 94-7.
    1. Cirocchi R, Cochetti G, Randolph J et al. Laparoscopic treatment of colovesical fistulas due to complicated colonic diverticular disease: a systematic review. Tech Coloproctol 2014; 18: 873-85.
    1. Cirocchi R, Arezzo A, Renzi C et al. Is laparoscopic surgery the best treatment in fistulas complicating diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon? A systematic review. Int J Surg 2015; 24(Pt A): 95-100.
    1. Maciel V, Lujan HJ, Plasencia G et al. Diverticular disease complicated with colovesical fistula: laparoscopic versus robotic management. Int Surg 2014; 99: 203-10.
    1. Elliott PA, McLemore EC, Abbass MA, Abbas MA. Robotic versus laparoscopic resection for sigmoid diverticulitis with fistula. J Robot Surg 2015; 9: 137-42.
    1. Solkar MH, Forshaw MJ, Sankararajah D, Stewart M, Parker MC. Colovesical fistula - is a surgical approach always justified? Colorectal Dis 2005; 7: 467-71.
    1. Garcea G, Majid I, Sutton CD, Pattenden CJ, Thomas WM. Diagnosis and management of colovesical fistulae; six-year experience of 90 consecutive cases. Colorectal Dis 2006; 8: 347-52.
    1. Papageorge CM, Kennedy GD, Carchman EH. National trends in short-term outcomes following non-emergent surgery for diverticular disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20: 1376-87.
    1. Levack M, Berger D, Sylla P, Rattner D, Bordeianou L. Laparoscopy decreases anastomotic leak rate in sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis. Arch Surg 2011; 146: 207-10.
    1. Keller DS, Delaney CP, Hashemi L, Haas EM. A national evaluation of clinical and economic outcomes in open versus laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc 2016; 30: 4220-8.
    1. Masoomi H, Buchberg BS, Magno C, Mills SD, Stamos MJ. Trends in diverticulitis management in the United States from 2002 to 2007. Arch Surg 2011; 146: 400-6.
    1. Kirchhoff P, Matz D, Dincler S, Buchmann P. Predictive risk factors for intra- and postoperative complications in 526 laparoscopic sigmoid resections due to recurrent diverticulitis: a multivariate analysis. World J Surg 2011; 35: 677-83.
    1. Pendlimari R, Touzios JG, Azodo IA et al. Short-term outcomes after elective minimally invasive colectomy for diverticulitis. Br J Surg 2011; 98: 431-5.
    1. Raue W, Paolucci V, Asperger W et al. Laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticular disease has no advantages over open approach: midterm results of a randomized controlled trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 396: 973-80.
    1. Gervaz P, Inan I, Perneger T, Schiffer E, Morel P. A prospective, randomized, single-blind comparison of laparoscopic versus open sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis. Ann Surg 2010; 252: 3-8.
    1. Klarenbeek BR, Veenhof AA, Bergamaschi R et al. Laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticulitis decreases major morbidity rates: a randomized control trial: short-term results of the Sigma Trial. Ann Surg 2009; 249: 39-44.
    1. Cirocchi R, Farinella E, Trastulli S, Sciannameo F, Audisio RA. Elective sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease. Laparoscopic vs open surgery: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14: 671-83.
    1. Haas JM, Singh M, Vakil N. Mortality and complications following surgery for diverticulitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. United Eur Gastroenterol J 2016; 4: 706-13.
    1. Abraha I, Binda GA, Montedori A, Arezzo A, Cirocchi R. Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 11: CD009277.
    1. Biondo S, Borao JL, Kreisler E et al. Recurrence and virulence of colonic diverticulitis in immunocompromised patients. Am J Surg 2012; 204: 172-9.
    1. Pourfarziani V, Mousavi-Nayeeni SM, Ghaheri H et al. The outcome of diverticulosis in kidney recipients with polycystic kidney disease. Transplant Proc 2007; 39: 1054-6.
    1. Oor JE, Atema JJ, Boermeester MA, Vrouenraets BC, Unlu C. A systematic review of complicated diverticulitis in post-transplant patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18: 2038-46.
    1. Sugrue J, Lee J, Warner C et al. Acute diverticulitis in renal transplant patients: should we treat them differently? Surgery 2018; 163: 857-65.
    1. Lee JT, Skube S, Melton GB et al. Elective colectomy for diverticulitis in transplant patients: is it worth the risk? J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21: 1486-90.
    1. Biondo S, Trenti L, Elvira J, Golda T, Kreisler E. Outcomes of colonic diverticulitis according to the reason of immunosuppression. Am J Surg 2016; 212: 384-90.
    1. Rafferty J, Shellito P, Hyman NH, Buie WD, Standards Committee of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Practice parameters for sigmoid diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49: 939-44.
    1. van de Wall BJ, Poerink JA, Draaisma WA, Reitsma JB, Consten EC, Broeders IA. Diverticulitis in young versus elderly patients: a meta-analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48: 643-51.
    1. Simianu VV, Fichera A, Bastawrous AL et al. Number of diverticulitis episodes before resection and factors associated with earlier interventions. JAMA Surg 2016; 151: 604-10.
    1. Wu Z, van de Haar RC, Sparreboom CL et al. Is the intraoperative air leak test effective in the prevention of colorectal anastomotic leakage? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31: 1409-17.
    1. Daams F, Wu Z, Lahaye MJ, Jeekel J, Lange JF. Prediction and diagnosis of colorectal anastomotic leakage: a systematic review of literature. World J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 6: 14-26.
    1. Beard JD, Nicholson ML, Sayers RD, Lloyd D, Everson NW. Intraoperative air testing of colorectal anastomoses: a prospective, randomized trial. Br J Surg 1990; 77: 1095-7.
    1. Benn PL, Wolff BG, Ilstrup DM. Level of anastomosis and recurrent colonic diverticulitis. Am J Surg 1986; 151: 269-71.
    1. Bergamaschi R, Arnaud JP. Anastomosis level and specimen length in surgery for uncomplicated diverticulitis of the sigmoid. Surg Endosc 1998; 12: 1149-51.
    1. Bressan A, Marini L, Michelotto M et al. Risk factors including the presence of inflammation at the resection margins for colorectal anastomotic stenosis following surgery for diverticular disease. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20: 923-30.
    1. Thaler K, Baig MK, Berho M et al. Determinants of recurrence after sigmoid resection for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2003; 46: 385-8.
    1. Thaler K, Weiss EG, Nogueras JJ, Arnaud JP, Wexner SD, Bergamaschi R. Recurrence rates at minimum 5-year follow-up: laparoscopic versus open sigmoid resection for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2003; 13: 325-7.
    1. Wolff BG, Ready RL, MacCarty RL, Dozois RR, Beart RW Jr. Influence of sigmoid resection on progression of diverticular disease of the colon. Dis Colon Rectum 1984; 27: 645-7.
    1. Cirocchi R, Trastulli S, Farinella E et al. Is inferior mesenteric artery ligation during sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease associated with increased anastomotic leakage? A meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14: e521-e529.
    1. Masoni L, Mari FS, Nigri G et al. Preservation of the inferior mesenteric artery via laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy performed for diverticular disease: real benefit or technical challenge: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Surg Endosc 2013; 27: 199-206.
    1. Tocchi A, Mazzoni G, Fornasari V, Miccini M, Daddi G, Tagliacozzo S. Preservation of the inferior mesenteric artery in colorectal resection for complicated diverticular disease. Am J Surg 2001; 182: 162-7.
    1. Borchert DH, Schachtebeck M, Schoepe J et al. Observational study on preservation of the superior rectal artery in sigmoid resection for diverticular disease. Int J Surg 2015; 21: 45-50.
    1. De Nardi P, Gazzetta P. Does inferior mesenteric artery ligation affect outcome in elective colonic resection for diverticular disease? ANZ J Surg 2018; 88: E778-E781.
    1. Lehmann RK, Brounts LR, Johnson EK, Rizzo JA, Steele SR. Does sacrifice of the inferior mesenteric artery or superior rectal artery affect anastomotic leak following sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis? A retrospective review. Am J Surg 2011; 201: 623-7.
    1. Posabella A, Rotigliano N, Tampakis A, von Flue M, Fuglistaler I. Peripheral vs pedicle division in laparoscopic resection of sigmoid diverticulitis: a 10-year experience. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 887-94.
    1. Sohn M, Schlitt HJ, Hornung M et al. Preservation of the superior rectal artery: influence of surgical technique on anastomotic healing and postoperative morbidity in laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32: 955-60.
    1. Cirocchi R, Popivanov G, Binda GA et al. Sigmoid resection for diverticular disease - to ligate or to preserve the inferior mesenteric artery? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21: 623-31.
    1. Chiu AS, Jean RA, Gorecka J, Davis KA, Pei KY. Trends of ureteral stent usage in surgery for diverticulitis. J Surg Res 2018; 222, 203-11. e203.
    1. Coakley KM, Kasten KR, Sims SM, Prasad T, Heniford BT, Davis BR. Prophylactic ureteral catheters for colectomy: a national surgical quality improvement program-based analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2018; 61: 84-8.
    1. Masoomi H, Buchberg B, Nguyen B, Tung V, Stamos MJ, Mills S. Outcomes of laparoscopic versus open colectomy in elective surgery for diverticulitis. World J Surg 2011; 35: 2143-8.
    1. Speicher PJ, Goldsmith ZG, Nussbaum DP, Turley RS, Peterson AC, Mantyh CR. Ureteral stenting in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. J Surg Res 2014; 190: 98-103.
    1. Schlussel AT, Wiseman JT, Kelly JF et al. Location is everything: the role of splenic flexure mobilization during colon resection for diverticulitis. Int J Surg 2017; 40: 124-9.
    1. Simon T, Orangio GR, Ambroze WL et al. Factors associated with complications of open versus laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticulitis. JSLS 2005; 9: 63-7.

Source: PubMed

スポンサーと協力者

医学的状態

薬物療法

3
購読する