Comparison of the Usefulness of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 for Screening for Major Depressive Disorder: Analysis of Psychiatric Outpatient Data

Cheolmin Shin, Seung-Hoon Lee, Kyu-Man Han, Ho-Kyoung Yoon, Changsu Han, Cheolmin Shin, Seung-Hoon Lee, Kyu-Man Han, Ho-Kyoung Yoon, Changsu Han

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate that the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 is not less useful than the PHQ-9 as a screening test for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 567 patients in psychiatric outpatient units. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to diagnose MDD. We derived the validity and reliability of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9. To evaluate the ability of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 to discriminate MDD, we drew receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared the areas under the curves (AUCs).

Results: Of the 567 participants, 207 (36.5%) were diagnosed with MDD. Cronbach's αs for the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 were 0.892 and 0.876, respectively. Similar to the PHQ-9, the PHQ-8 was also associated with scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in a correlation analysis. When we drew ROC curves for the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9, there was no statistically significant difference in the AUCs. With a cutoff score of 10, the PHQ-8 showed a sensitivity of 58.3%, specificity of 83.1%, positive predictive value of 53.4%, and negative predictive value of 85.7%.

Conclusion: In a psychiatric outpatient sample, the PHQ-8 was as useful as the PHQ-9 for MDD screening.

Keywords: Depression; Major depressive disorder; PHQ-8; PHQ-9.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The receiver operating characteristic curve of the PHQ8 and PHQ-9 versus the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for major depression diagnosis. PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire.

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