Effects of Stress Ball Use and Breathing Exercises on Pain and Vital Signs During Drain Removal After Total Knee Arthroplasty (TDP)
The Effect of Stress Ball Use and Breathing Exercises on Procedural Pain and Vital Signs During Drain Removal After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of stress ball use and breathing exercises on procedural pain and vital signs during drain removal in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Although drain removal is a short procedure, it is often associated with sudden and intense pain and may trigger physiological stress responses such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
A total of 105 patients will be randomly assigned to three groups: stress ball group, breathing exercise group, and standard care group. The interventions will be applied starting one minute before drain removal, continuing throughout the procedure, and for two minutes afterward.
Pain levels will be assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) will be measured at predefined time points before, during, and after the procedure. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of simple, non-pharmacological interventions in reducing procedural pain and improving physiological stability during drain removal
연구 개요
상태
연구 유형
등록 (추정된)
단계
- 해당 없음
연락처 및 위치
연구 연락처
- 이름: HÜMEYRA YÜKSEL, Ph.D
- 전화번호: +905538748327
- 이메일: humeyragecici@gmail.com
참여기준
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- 어린이
- 성인
- 고령자
건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다
설명
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults aged 18 years and older undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty
- Patients with a surgical drain in place and scheduled for drain removal in the postoperative period
- Able to provide informed consent
- Able to communicate and understand instructions
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with chronic pain syndromes or regular opioid use
- Patients with cognitive impairment, delirium, or communication difficulties
- Patients with contraindications to drain removal (e.g., active bleeding, hemodynamic instability)
- Patients with neurological conditions affecting pain perception
공부 계획
연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?
디자인 세부사항
- 주 목적: 지지 요법
- 할당: 무작위
- 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
- 마스킹: 없음(오픈 라벨)
무기와 개입
참가자 그룹 / 팔 |
개입 / 치료 |
|---|---|
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활성 비교기: Stress Ball Group
Patients use a stress ball during drain removal
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Participants will be provided with a medium-resistance stress ball and instructed to rhythmically squeeze and release it starting one minute before drain removal, continuing throughout the procedure, and for two minutes after the procedure.
A brief explanation will be given prior to the intervention.
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활성 비교기: Breathing Exercise Group
Patients perform breathing exercises during drain remo
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Participants will be instructed in diaphragmatic breathing techniques before the procedure.
They will begin deep breathing one minute before drain removal, continue throughout the procedure, and for two minutes afterward.
The technique includes slow inhalation through the nose, holding the breath for a few seconds, and slow exhalation through the mouth.
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위약 비교기: Control Group
Patients receive standard care during drain removal.
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Participants will receive standard care, including routine information about the drain removal procedure, without any additional intervention such as stress ball use or breathing exercises.
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연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?
주요 결과 측정
결과 측정 |
측정값 설명 |
기간 |
|---|---|---|
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Pain Intensity (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS
기간: Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0-10), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain.
Pain levels will be recorded during and after drain removal.
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Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Heart Rate
기간: Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Heart rate (beats per minute) will be measured to assess physiological response to pain during drain removal.
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Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Blood Pressure
기간: Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) will be measured to evaluate physiological stress response.
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Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Oxygen Saturation
기간: Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Peripheral oxygen saturation (%) will be measured using a pulse oximeter.
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Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Respiratory Rate
기간: Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) will be recorded.
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Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur
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공동 작업자 및 조사자
간행물 및 유용한 링크
일반 간행물
- Genc H, Korkmaz M, Akkurt A. The Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses and Stress Balls on Pain and Vital Findings During Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2022 Jun;37(3):344-350. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2021.09.006. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
- 17. Ataman Yıldız G, Çınar F, Kadiroğulları E, Eti Aslan F. The effect of applications on pain after open and closed heart surgery: Descriptive research. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiovasc Sci. 2024;36(1):1-10.
- Bahar A, Yardimci I. Effect of breathing exercises applied before chest tube removal on pain and anxiety levels: descriptive and correlational research. Psychol Health Med. 2025 Dec;30(10):2388-2398. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2025.2519221. Epub 2025 Jun 25.
- 1. Kuzuca BC, Güçlü B. Total diz artroplastisi öncesi planlama. TOTBİD Dergisi. 2021;20:507-514.
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연구 시작 (추정된)
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