Study of cardiovascular disease biomarkers among tobacco consumers, part 2: biomarkers of biological effect

Brian K Nordskog, Buddy G Brown, Kristin M Marano, Leanne R Campell, Bobbette A Jones, Michael F Borgerding, Brian K Nordskog, Buddy G Brown, Kristin M Marano, Leanne R Campell, Bobbette A Jones, Michael F Borgerding

Abstract

An age-stratified, cross-sectional study was conducted in the US among healthy adult male cigarette smokers, moist snuff consumers, and non-tobacco consumers to evaluate cardiovascular biomarkers of biological effect (BoBE). Physiological assessments included flow-mediated dilation, ankle-brachial index, carotid intima-media thickness and expired carbon monoxide. Approximately one-half of the measured serum BoBE showed statistically significant differences; IL-12(p70), sICAM-1 and IL-8 were the BoBE that best differentiated among the three groups. A significant difference in ABI was observed between the cigarette smokers and non-tobacco consumer groups. Significant group and age effect differences in select biomarkers were identified.

Keywords: BoBE; CVD; Cigarette; moist snuff; tobacco.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PCA. The case-wise scores of the top two principal components were plotted onto proximity maps. The top candidate analytes for BoBE that best differentiated the three study groups in this study were IL-12p70, ICAM-1 and IL-8. The concept of differentiation, or separation, in this analysis means that these biomarkers correlate and vary in such a way that identifies SMK from non-smokers (NTC and MSC) at the individual level, as opposed to an aggregate or mean level. (A) The top three biomarkers plotted for all three groups, showing a moderate separation for SMK and little separation of MSC and NTC overall. (B) A clearer separation of SMK to NTC with few individual exceptions. (C) Comparatively greater amount of overlap between SMK and MSC, while in (D), no separation is observed between MSC and NTC.

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